{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T07:56:47Z","timestamp":1788681407768,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the contribution of sociodemographic and behavioural factors to developing liver disease in individuals with an HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) co\u2010infection. We aimed to quantify the impact of these factors on incident liver disease in individuals with HIV\/HBV receiving care in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the Dutch observational ATHENA cohort combined with Statistics Netherlands. We included all hepatitis B surface antigen\u2010positive individuals with HIV in care from 2008\u20132022. Severe liver disease (i.e., significant fibrosis (\u2265F2), cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation) was defined by physician diagnosis or a transient elastography result &gt;\u20097\u2009kPa. Determinants of incident liver disease were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the 1319 individuals included (12,277 person\u2010years (PY); 93.3% HIV\u2010RNA\u2009&lt;\u2009200 copies\/ml), the incidence rate of severe liver disease was 0.59 per 100 PY [95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20090.47\u20130.75]. After adjustment for age and time since HBV diagnosis, tobacco smoking, HCV coinfection and body mass index &gt; 25 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      increased the risk of liver disease [adjusted hazards ratio (aHR)\u2009=\u20092.33, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.38\u20133.94; aHR\u2009=\u20094.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.18\u20137.33, aHR\u2009=\u20091.75, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20132.92, respectively]. Conversely, men who have sex with men (vs. other transmission routes, aHR\u2009=\u20090.54, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.32\u20130.90), and individuals living in an urbanised municipality (aHR\u2009=\u20090.50, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.30\u20130.85) had a reduced risk of liver disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver disease progression in people living with HIV\/HBV appears to be linked to psychosocial\/behavioural factors. More effective screening\/management of coinfection and metabolic syndrome, as well as strategies for smoking cessation, should be included in clinical follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:36:24Z","timestamp":1751002584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Socio\u2010Economic, Behavioural and Clinical Factors on Liver Disease Progression in Individuals With\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    and Hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1928-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Ramier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences \u00c9conomiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 &amp; Traitement de L'information M\u00e9dicale, ISSPAM  Marseille France"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Program  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9512-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Public Health Service of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Stichting Hiv Monitoring  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Program  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Stichting Hiv Monitoring  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosan","family":"van Zoest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Health and Technology Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8824-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A. A.","family":"Claassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit  Arnhem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalin","family":"Pog\u00e1ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit Maasstad Hospital  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Posthouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention Maastricht UMC +  the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora E. M. S.","family":"de Vries\u2010Sluijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam  the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam  the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Carrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences \u00c9conomiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 &amp; Traitement de L'information M\u00e9dicale, ISSPAM  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Public Health Service of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam Department of Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Program  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1665-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831103ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31823"},{"issue":"035","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","article-title":"Liver Fibrosis Regression Measured by Transient Elastography in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\u2010Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)\u2010Coinfected Individuals on Long\u2010Term HBV\u2010Active Combination Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"3","author":"Audsley J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21426"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24291-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30375-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","unstructured":"A.vanSighem \u201cMonitoring Report 2023. 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