{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:22:44Z","timestamp":1792592564543,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020617","name":"\u00d6sterreichische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u00d6GGH Wissenschaftsf\u00f6rderung 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00d6GGH Wissenschaftsf\u00f6rderung 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the body's innate immune response. In animal models, NETs aggravated liver injury and promoted disease progression\/portal hypertension by the formation of (micro)thrombi leading to parenchymal extinction.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate NETosis in patients with clinically stable advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated stable ACLD patients undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement in whom an extensive panel of laboratory tests related to coagulation and NET biomarkers was assessed in plasma. Hepatic decompensation\/liver\u2010related death (LRD) as well as the development of ACLF\/LRD were the outcomes of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>194 patients (70 compensated\/124 decompensated; mean Child\u2010Turcotte\u2010Pugh score (CTP): 7\u2009\u00b1\u20092 points; mean HVPG: 17\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u2009mmHg) were included.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929), levels of cell\u2010free DNA (cf\u2010DNA) were higher (0.88 [IQR 0.84\u20130.93] vs. 0.94 [IQR 0.88\u20131.03] \u03bcg\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) in ACLD, whereas myeloperoxidase\u2010DNA (MPO\u2010DNA) values were similar (0.32 [IQR 0.17\u20130.54] vs. 0.39 [IQR 0.18\u20130.76] AU;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.400).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Factor XIII activity levels, soluble P\u2010selectin, and cf\u2010DNA but not MPO\u2010DNA levels were linked to HD\/LRD and\/or ACLF\/LRD in univariable analysis. However, none of these tests were associated with the aforementioned outcomes after adjusting for established prognostic indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with stable ACLD showed increased cf\u2010DNA levels (i.e., NETosis, but also apoptosis\/necrosis). However, MPO\u2010DNA as a NETosis\u2010specific marker was comparable to healthy controls. NETosis does not appear to drive disease progression in clinically stable ACLD as it was not linked to endpoints, thereby questioning whether findings obtained in animal models are translatable to humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T14:48:50Z","timestamp":1758206930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Not Linked to Decompensation,\n                    <scp>ACLF<\/scp>\n                    , or Death in Clinically Stable Patients With\n                    <scp>ACLD<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6708-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz","family":"Balcar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 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