{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T20:24:23Z","timestamp":1768163063338,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013227","name":"Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1130805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1130805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reducing mortality attributable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a key target in the World Health Organization (WHO) HCV elimination strategy. While liver cancer registration in Taiwan includes hepatitis C antibody (anti\u2010HCV) status, no national registry records viral etiologies for deaths from liver cirrhosis and chronic liver disease (LC\/CLD). Therefore, this sentinel study aimed to estimate national trends in HCV\u2010related LC\/CLD mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study period spanned from 2015 to 2022. According to ICD\u201010 codes K70, K73 and K74, the annual mortality numbers for LC\/CLD were extracted from national biostatistics. Using the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), cases that died from LC\/CLD with available results for both HBsAg and anti\u2010HCV tests were included in the analysis. Based on the proportions of HCV distributions from CGRD, the national viral etiology\u2010specific case numbers were estimated using a direct standardised method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 35\u2009413 patients died from LC\/CLD nationally, with 15\u2009445 of them having medical records in CGRD, and 5940 (16.8%) having results for both HBsAg and anti\u2010HCV tests. The national case number was 4878 in 2015, decreasing to 4107 (\u221215.8%) in 2022. The proportion of anti\u2010HCV decreased from 25.7% to 16.6% (\u221236.2%). Direct standardisation showed that the estimated national case number for anti\u2010HCV decreased from 1424 to 811 (\u221243%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2015 to 2022, Taiwan experienced a 43% decline in HCV\u2010related LC\/CLD mortality, supporting progress toward national HCV elimination goals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T13:02:39Z","timestamp":1759842159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Significant Decline in\n                    <scp>HCV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Related Mortality From Liver Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Disease (2015\u20132022): A Sentinel Center Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8560-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Yeh","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Yun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Center of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4916-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing\u2010Houng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Yen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7656-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong\u2010Nan","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5493-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng\u2010Nan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Entry","volume":"369","author":"Zeisel M. B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60231-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00472-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016\u20132021: Towards Ending Viral Hepatitis","author":"Organization WH","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination and Path to Elimination","author":"Organization WH","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.2021.01064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(81)80332-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.35.020184.001405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a037069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus in Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan","volume":"25","author":"Chen D. S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Princess Takamatsu Symposia"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08512-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.03.015"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","article-title":"A Pilot Sentinel Surveillance System to Monitor Treatment and Treatment Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections in Clinical Centres in Three European Countries, 2019","volume":"28","author":"Nardone A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Prevalence of HCV Antibody and Its Associated Factors: A Study From Sentinel Hospitals in China","volume":"36","author":"Xu P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedical and Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Sentinel Surveillance for Viral Hepatitis C in China, 2016\u20132017","volume":"40","author":"Ding G. W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2081620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i37.6277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","volume-title":"Taiwan Hepatitis C Policy Guideline 2018\u20132025","author":"Welfare TMoHa","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1532-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05938-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.019.01018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186715"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010126"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"981","article-title":"Survey on Natural Language Processing in Medical Image Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Liu Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2023.02.014"}],"container-title":["Liver International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/liv.70388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T14:42:21Z","timestamp":1763044941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/liv.70388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/liv.70388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.70388","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-3223","1478-3231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-3223","type":"print"},{"value":"1478-3231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70388"}}