{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:36:32Z","timestamp":1787063792211,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24K18908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K18908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects more than 30% of the global population; however, trends in its prevalence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate prevalence trends of metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), MASLD with moderate alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol\u2010associated liver disease (ALD) in the Japanese general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study included participants who underwent health checkups between 2004 and 2022 in Gifu, Japan. SLD was defined by liver ultrasonography and categorised as either MASLD, MetALD, or ALD in the total population, as well as in non\u2010obese (body mass index [BMI] \u2264\u200925\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and lean (BMI \u2264\u200923\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) subgroups. Annual percent change (APC) in the prevalence of each SLD subtype was analysed using the Joinpoint regression model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 184\u2009463 participants, 49\u2009651 (26.9%) were diagnosed with SLD, including 41\u2009819 (22.7%) with MASLD, 3792 (2.1%) with MetALD, and 2037 (1.1%) with ALD. Over the study period, APC in the total population revealed significant increases in MASLD (APC, 2.02%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46\u20132.66;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and MetALD (APC, 1.14%; 95% CI, 0.17\u20132.19;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026), with similar trends observed in the non\u2010obese and lean subgroups. ALD prevalence increased only in the lean population (APC, 2.87%; 95% CI, 0.33\u20135.94;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MASLD and MetALD increased significantly irrespective of body composition, whereas ALD increased in the lean population over the past two decades. These findings highlight a silent rise of SLD in the Japanese general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T09:21:07Z","timestamp":1763803267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Increasing Prevalence of Steatotic Liver Disease in a Japanese Health Checkup Population, 2004\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakahata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology\/Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Asahi University Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6373-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takao","family":"Miwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology\/Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Obora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Asahi University Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Asahi University Hospital  Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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