{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:47:01Z","timestamp":1789588021673,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K08011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K08011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K11224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K11224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009438","name":"National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver\u2010related sarcopenia is a devastating systemic complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) driven by mechanisms extending beyond nutritional deficiency. However, the role of liver\u2010derived humoral factors remains unclear. We utilised a unique cohort of human skeletal muscle biopsies to test the hypothesis that serum conjugated bile acids (C\u2010BAs) act as key mediators of this liver\u2010muscle cross\u2010talk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum and\n                      <jats:italic>rectus abdominis<\/jats:italic>\n                      muscle samples were meticulously collected from 36 CLD patients and 6 non\u2010CLD controls during elective surgery. Multifidus\u2010erector spinae and psoas muscle areas were quantified from CT images. Comprehensive correlations were analysed between C\u2010BAs and molecular markers of muscle inflammation and fibre\u2010type composition. These findings were supplemented by in\u00a0vitro validation using GCDCA treatment of C2C12 myotubes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum C\u2010BAs levels were significantly elevated in CLD patients. The liver cirrhosis (LC) group exhibited a significantly smaller multifidus\u2010erector spinae area (32.06\u2009\u00b1\u20098.05\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) compared to controls (39.78\u2009\u00b1\u20094.38\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019). Muscle area loss was strongly correlated with hepatic reserve deterioration (ALBI\/ALB) and systemic inflammation (serum IL\u20106). Crucially, muscle area was negatively correlated with the ratio of tauro\u2010C\u2010BAs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Muscle biopsies showed a molecular shift: enrichment of the slow\u2010twitch fibre marker myosin\u2010heavy chain 7 (MYH7, type I) and a concomitant reduction of the fast\u2010twitch marker MYH4 (type IIb), alongside signs of local chronic inflammation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The reduction in MYH4 was correlated with glyco\u2010C\u2010BAs, a finding replicated in GCDCA\u2010treated C2C12 myotubes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated C\u2010BAs may represent a critical, liver\u2010derived humoral factor associated with the pathological features of liver\u2010related sarcopenia. C\u2010BA\u2010associated muscle mass loss and systemic inflammation are reflected at the molecular level by a shift toward a slow\u2010twitch phenotype, accumulation of macrophages and altered energy metabolism in muscle biopsies. These findings suggest that C\u2010BAs may serve as a potentially actionable therapeutic target for mitigating muscle catabolism and improving clinical outcomes in CLD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:20:54Z","timestamp":1774689654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Conjugated Bile Acids Profile Suggests a Novel Liver\u2010Muscle Axis Associated With Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Motoh","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Murase Hospital  Suzuka 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Inashiki\u2010gun Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine Tohoku University School of Medicine  Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery NHO Kyushu Medical Center  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Medical Center  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Tempaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine  Tsu 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