{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:38:27Z","timestamp":1791279507044,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Metabolic associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a critical stage of MAFLD, lacking effective therapies. Gut microbiota and their metabolites, particularly short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are increasingly recognised as modulators of hepatic metabolism and immune responses. We investigated whether\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      could ameliorate MASH by regulating CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cell metabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Faecal samples from MASH patients and healthy controls were analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. MASH mouse models, germ\u2010free mice and ex\u00a0vivo CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cell cultures were used to assess the effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and butyrate on glycolysis, PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signalling and liver pathology. Metabolic activity was measured using ECAR, 2\u2010NBDG uptake and lactate production; molecular changes were evaluated by qPCR, western blotting and flow cytometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      16S rDNA sequencing revealed a significant reduction of\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundance in MASH patients compared with healthy controls, which was inversely correlated with hepatic steatosis and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cell infiltration. In MCD diet\u2010induced MASH mice, oral administration of\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and collagen deposition. In germ\u2010free mice, colonisation with\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      similarly improved liver histology. Mechanistically,\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      suppressed glycolytic activity in CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells, as shown by decreased 2\u2010NBDG uptake, ECAR measurements and reduced expression of glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PKM2, LDHA). Additionally,\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      downregulated the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signalling pathway in CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells, linking its metabolic effects to immune modulation. Notably, the combination of\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      with a glycolysis inhibitor did not further enhance its therapeutic efficacy compared with\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      alone, indicating that suppression of glycolysis is a major mechanism underlying\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      's protective effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      mitigates MASH by downregulating the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR\u2013glycolysis axis in CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells via butyrate\u2010dependent mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a microbial therapeutic candidate for MASH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:33:44Z","timestamp":1774355624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Prevotella<\/i>\n                    \u2010Derived Butyrate Inhibits\n                    <scp>CD8<\/scp>\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T\u2010Cell Glycolysis via\n                    <scp>AKT<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>mTOR<\/scp>\n                    Signalling to Alleviate\n                    <scp>MASH<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0627-6047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feixiang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengna","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6082-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing 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Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8233-7210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing 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