{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:02:31Z","timestamp":1793347351320,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82373605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202201011821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201011821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A03J0474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A03J0474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microplastics (MPs) or nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging environmental pollutants, but current studies predominantly focus on the hepatotoxicity of high\u2010dose MPs, whereas the health effects of low\u2010dose MPs under high\u2010fat diet (HFD) conditions remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity induced by combined exposure to high\u2010fat diet and low\u2010dose microplastics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male Wistar rats were administered a high\u2010fat diet (HFD) without (HFD) or with polystyrene nanoparticles (PS\u2010NPs) (HFD\u2010NP) for consecutive 90\u2009days. In\u00a0vitro experiments were conducted using primary hepatocytes treated with PS\u2010NPs and palmitic acid (PA) in the presence or absence of AMPK or an autophagy inhibitor for 24\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>H&amp;E staining revealed significant lipid accumulation, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis in livers from HFD group, whereas no obvious pathological changes were observed in NP group. Notably, these effects were greatly diminished in HFD\u2010NP group, compared with HFD group. In\u00a0vitro experiments also showed that PS\u2010NPs displayed no apparent effect on the viability of primary hepatocytes, while significantly alleviated palmitic acid (PA)\u2010induced hepatocyte apoptosis and lipid droplet accumulation. These observations indicate that low\u2010dose PS\u2010NPs mitigate hepatotoxicity induced by HFD. Furthermore, hepatic lipid oxidation and utilization were enhanced in HFD\u2010NP rats, suggesting that PS\u2010NPs may modulate lipid metabolism upon HFD. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the mechanism might involve the activated AMPK signalling pathway and inhibited mTOR signalling pathway, important regulators for autophagy, implying the involvement of lipophagy in this process. Furthermore, in\u00a0vitro experiments showed the inhibition of lipid droplet autophagy exacerbated HFD\u2010induced hepatotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate low\u2010dose PS\u2010NPs can activate the AMPK pathway and lipophagy, thereby alleviating liver injury through a stress adaptation response under high\u2010fat diet conditions. Our findings elucidate the context\u2010dependent interaction between microplastics and dietary patterns in liver diseases development and provide novel insights into the health effects of microplastics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:42:31Z","timestamp":1775886151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Low\u2010Dose Polystyrene Nanoplastics Alleviate High\u2010Fat Diet\u2010Induced Hepatic Injury via\n                    <scp>AMPK<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>mTOR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Mediated Lipophagy Activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Guoqin","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Guizhou Medical University  Guiyang China"},{"name":"Department of Toxicology Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zefen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education Guizhou Medical University  Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities  Guangxi 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