{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:13:53Z","timestamp":1783430033801,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differentiating between malignant and benign biliary strictures remains a clinical challenge because current diagnostic tools have limited sensitivity. The detection of tumour\u2010related biomarkers directly in bile, which is in close contact with the lesion, may enhance diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic values of biliary concentrations of VEGF, PDGF\u2010AA, IGF and MMPs in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), or benign obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 100 consecutive patients undergoing ERCP for obstructive jaundice were enrolled and categorised into benign (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948), CCA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923) and PDAC (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929) groups. Bile samples collected during ERCP were analysed. The diagnostic and prognostic performance of several biomarkers was assessed and, when appropriate, their incremental diagnostic value was assessed in comparison with standard bile cytology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biliary concentrations of VEGF, MMP\u20101, MMP\u20102, MMP\u20107 and MMP\u20109 were significantly higher in malignant cases than in benign cases. VEGF demonstrated the best diagnostic accuracy (AUROC 0.86, sensitivity 87%, specificity 81%). MMP\u20101 and MMP\u20107 also showed good diagnostic values (AUROCs 0.79 and 0.81 respectively). In the multivariate analysis, VEGF was independently associated with the diagnosis of malignancy and PDAC, whereas both VEGF and MMP\u20102 were independently associated with CCA diagnosis. Using a predefined cut\u2010off, bile VEGF showed a higher sensitivity than bile cytology, and their combination markedly reduced false\u2010negative results. Regarding prognosis, higher PDGF\u2010AA levels were independently associated with better survival rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biliary VEGF is a strong independent biomarker for the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction, both in PDAC and CCA. MMP\u20102 was independently associated with CCA diagnosis. PDGF\u2010AA is a promising prognostic biomarker for malignant biliary strictures. These findings support the clinical potential of bile\u2010based biomarkers for improving the diagnosis and assessing the prognosis of malignant biliary strictures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:52:39Z","timestamp":1776837159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of Bile Biomarkers for Malignant Biliary Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5455-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Gigante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Reims Service D'h\u00e9pato\u2010Gastroent\u00e9rologie et De Canc\u00e9rologie Digestive  Reims France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 De Reims Champagne\u2010Ardenne BioSpecT\u2010UR7506  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Untereiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 De Reims Champagne\u2010Ardenne URCATech, PICT  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil INSERM, IMRB  Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Rhaiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Reims Service de Chirurgie Digestive  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Grados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU D'amiens Service De Gastroent\u00e9rologie Et D'oncologie Digestive  Amiens France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Boulagnon\u2010Rombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU De Reims Service De Pathologie; Medyc Umr 7369, Universit\u00e9 De Reims Champagne\u2010Ardenne  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 De Reims Champagne\u2010Ardenne BioSpecT\u2010UR7506  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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