{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:45:20Z","timestamp":1790444720998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JC\u2010YBQN\u20101179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC\u2010YBQN\u20101179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gut microbiota contributes to liver cirrhosis (LC), yet the gut virome and its cross\u2010kingdom ecology with bacteria are less well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize LC\u2010associated virome alterations and assess their clinical relevance, we reanalyzed publicly available faecal metagenomes from patients with LC and healthy controls. After quality control and removal of human reads, sequences were mapped to the Chinese Gut Viral Catalogue at 95% nucleotide similarity, viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) were annotated using the latest ICTV framework, and viral functions were inferred by KEGG annotation. Differential vOTUs and bacterial species, virus\u2013bacteria networks and random forest classifiers were constructed with internal and external validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LC showed reduced viral richness and Shannon diversity, and a distinct Bray\u2010Curtis separation from controls. Ten viral families and 473 vOTUs differed between groups (59 LC\u2010enriched). KEGG\u2010based profiling highlighted functional shifts in LC\u2010enriched viruses, including increased K01185 (lysozyme) and K02172 (blaR1). Virus\u2010bacteria networks were markedly sparser in LC than in controls (130 vs. 509 significant correlations). A virome\u2010based random forest model distinguished patients from controls with high accuracy in internal (optimal AUC\u2009=\u20090.911) and external (optimal AUC\u2009=\u20090.773) validation cohorts, and the model combining viral and bacterial features achieved similarly robust performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LC is associated with disrupted gut viral\u2013bacterial ecology, and virome features show promise as non\u2010invasive biomarkers, warranting longitudinal and mechanistic follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:43:22Z","timestamp":1786596202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Disrupted Gut Viral\u2010Bacterial 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