{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:35:24Z","timestamp":1793172924745,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Liver International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background & Aims<\/jats:title>\n YAQ001 is a novel, non\u2010absorbable, gut\u2010restricted, multiporous, carbon bead adsorbent. Pre\u2010clinical studies and a clinical trial suggested its therapeutic potential and safety in patients with cirrhosis. This substudy aimed to explore the effects of YAQ001 on the gut microbiome and their exploratory association with biomarkers of gut permeability and systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010eight\u2010patients with cirrhosis were randomized (double\u2010blind) to receive YAQ001 (4\u2009g once daily) or placebo. Gut microbiome and biomarkers of inflammation and gut permeability were assessed at baseline, after 4 and 12\u2009weeks. Changes in biomarkers and relationship with microbiome composition and gene profiling were assessed. The effect of YAQ001 on\n \n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n biofilms was assessed in\u00a0vitro.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall alpha and beta diversity remained unaltered. YAQ001 increased the abundance of bacteria associated with improved gut health such as\n \n Adlercreutzia equolifaciens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , a bacterium commonly depleted in liver disease, and decreased the abundance of bacteria associated with infections and poor outcomes such as\n Klebsiella pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n \n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . YAQ001 impacted positively on virulence factors such as siderophores, fimbriae structures, and lipopolysaccharides that are associated with inflammation and invasion. Antibiotic resistance genes decreased significantly in the YAQ001 group. These changes were associated with a reduction in markers of gut permeability and systemic inflammation. YAQ001 prevented\n \n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n biofilms in\u00a0vitro.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n YAQ001 was associated with favourable compositional shifts and trends towards reduced virulence\u2010related gene signatures in the gut microbiome, alongside trends towards improved inflammatory biomarkers. The in\u00a0vitro anti\u2010biofilm effect of YAQ001 warrants further mechanistic investigation. The findings position YAQ001 as a potential microbiome therapeutic.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:21:47Z","timestamp":1792606907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of\n YAQ001<\/scp>\n on the Gut Microbiome, Permeability and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Patients With Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8327-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Failure Group UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health London UK"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Garcia\u2010Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1211-9298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Macnaughtan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Failure Group UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6284-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2254-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ainhoa","family":"Ferret\u2010Mi\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Clasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host\u2010Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9712-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Department of Renal Medicine University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n Garcia","family":"Maset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ram\u00f3n\u2010Azc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarein J. 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