{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:28:18Z","timestamp":1760189298483},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LUTS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify the effect of saw palmetto extract (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPE<\/jats:styled-content>), a phytotherapeutic agent, on urodynamic parameters, bladder muscarinic and purinergic receptors, and urinary cytokines in rats with cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Saw palmetto extract<\/jats:styled-content> (60\u2009mg\/kg per day) was administered orally twice a day for 7\u2009days to rats. The urodynamic parameters in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content> (150\u2009mg\/kg i.p.)\u2010treated rats were monitored by a cystometric method under anesthesia. The muscarinic and purinergic receptors in the bladder and submaxillary gland were measured by radioreceptor assays using [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H<\/jats:styled-content>] scopolamine chloride([<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H<\/jats:styled-content>]<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMS<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010methylene\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content> [2,8\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H<\/jats:styled-content>] tetrasodium salt ([<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H<\/jats:styled-content>]<jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MeATP<\/jats:styled-content>), respectively. Urinary cytokines (interleukin\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>], <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL\u20106<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L\u201017<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">enzyme linked immunosorbent assay<\/jats:styled-content> kits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Micturition interval and micturition volume were significantly decreased and the frequency of micturition and basal pressure were significantly increased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats compared with sham\u2010operated rats. Orally administered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPE<\/jats:styled-content> significantly increased the micturition interval and micturition volume and decreased the frequency of micturition and basal pressure. The maximal number of sites (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) for the specific binding of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">[<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]NMS<\/jats:styled-content> and [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H<\/jats:styled-content>]<jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MeATP<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly decreased in the bladder. The decrease in receptors was attenuated by repeated treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPE<\/jats:styled-content>. An elevation in urinary cytokine (IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and IL\u201017) levels were seen, and this increase was effectively suppressed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPE<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Saw palmetto extract<\/jats:styled-content> attenuates the alteration of urodynamic parameters, pharmacologically relevant receptors, and urinary cytokines in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated rats. Therefore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPE<\/jats:styled-content> may be a potential therapeutic agent for improving the clinical symptoms of cystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T16:52:46Z","timestamp":1363366366000},"page":"57-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of Saw Palmetto Extract on Urodynamic Parameters, Bladder Muscarinic and Purinergic Receptors and Urinary Cytokines in Rats with Cyclophosphamide\u2010Induced Cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sweety","family":"NASRIN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka  Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"MASUDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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