{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:03:30Z","timestamp":1791241410110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"SUFU 2009 Neuromodulation Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LUTS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sacral neuromodulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content>) may improve interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPS<\/jats:styled-content>) symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency and perhaps even pain, but objective measures of improvement are lacking. We evaluated the potential for urinary chemokines to serve as measures of treatment response over time to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPS<\/jats:styled-content> undergoing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content> consented for this study. Three\u2010day bladder\/pain diaries were collected at baseline and validated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nterstitial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ystitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ymptom <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>roblem <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ndex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSPI<\/jats:styled-content>) scores and mid\u2010stream urine specimens were collected at baseline and at 24\u2009weeks after successful implant. Collected urine was screened for infection by dipstick and analyzed for chemokines by luminex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">xMAP<\/jats:styled-content> analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u200916), urine levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 positively correlated with pain score (r\u2009=\u20090.63, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.009), urgency (r\u2009=\u20090.61, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.01), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSPI<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u2009=\u20090.43, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.09) and daily voids (r\u2009=\u20090.44, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.08). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSPI<\/jats:styled-content> and pain scores also positively correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIL\u20101ra<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u2009=\u20090.50, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.04) and monocyte chemotactic protein\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL2<\/jats:styled-content> positively correlated with daily voids (r\u2009=\u20090.45, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.07) only. At 24\u2009weeks, the median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSPI<\/jats:styled-content> index fell from 28 to 15 (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20097, <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.008). Urine levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101ra (633.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009188.2 vs. 149.9\u2009\u00b1\u200941.62\u2009pg\/mL) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 (448.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6 vs. 176.9\u2009\u00b1\u200946.16\u2009pg\/mL) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL5<\/jats:styled-content> (20.78\u2009\u00b1\u20094.09 vs. 11.21\u2009\u00b1\u20094.12\u2009pg\/mL) were also significantly reduced at the follow\u2010up relative to baseline values (<jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.04). Multivariable analysis of data revealed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sIL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101ra and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 together explained the majority of variance in data. Levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20108, vascular endothelial growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>), platelet\u2010derived growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDGF<\/jats:styled-content>) were also reduced at 24\u2009weeks, but differences were not significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concomitant decrease in urine levels of chemokines especially <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was associated with treatment response of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNM<\/jats:styled-content>. These results support the role of chemokines as downstream effectors of neuromodulation response and could serve as potential non\u2010invasive measures of treatment response.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Trial Registration Number<\/jats:bold>: NCT01739946.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T06:13:37Z","timestamp":1395123217000},"page":"77-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of Sacral Neuromodulation on Outcome Measures and Urine Chemokines in Interstitial Cystitis\/Painful Bladder Syndrome Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"PETERS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal","family":"JAYABALAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Beaumont Hospital Royal 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