{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:31:18Z","timestamp":1769160678401,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010872","name":"King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010872","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LUTS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The first reported application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>otulinum toxin\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BTX\u2010A<\/jats:styled-content>) into the urethral sphincter predates the first documented use in the bladder. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical indications of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BTX\u2010A<\/jats:styled-content> injection into the urethral sphincter and its clinical efficacy. This review of the literature includes the larger more significant published studies that have reported on this use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BTX\u2010A<\/jats:styled-content>. Case reports and articles not published in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>nglish were excluded. There have been many published clinical studies describing the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BTX\u2010A<\/jats:styled-content> in the urethral sphincter, four of which are randomized placebo controlled trials. These studies tend to include patients either in urinary retention or with obstructed voiding, both in the neuropathic and non\u2010neuropathic populations. Studies tend to demonstrate improvements in urodynamic parameters and quality of life after injection. There have been many small clinical studies in this area, however larger placebo\u2010controlled trials are needed to evaluate this treatment at higher levels of evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T08:32:45Z","timestamp":1487752365000},"page":"109-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Urethral Sphincter Injection of <scp>B<\/scp>otulinum Toxin <scp>A<\/scp>: <scp>A<\/scp> Review of Its Application and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jai","family":"SETH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"RINTOUL\u2010HOAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust  London 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