{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:13:08Z","timestamp":1789150388703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LUTS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A range of ketamine\u2010induced uropathy (KIU) issues have been typically described in ketamine misusers. Conversely, more knowledge is needed in terms of medicinal ketamine\u2010related urological disturbances, since ketamine prescribing is being increasingly considered for a range of medical and psychopathological conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess medicinal KIU issues, we aimed at analyzing both the 2005\u20132017 European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the 2006\u20132018 UK Yellow Card Scheme (YCS) pharmacovigilance databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total number (eg, all categories) of 11\u2009632 EMA ketamine\u2010related adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports were here identified. Out of these, some 9971 ADRs (eg, 85.7% of the total) were judged as \u201csuspect\u201d and were here analyzed. Some 1758 ADRs (17.7% of 9971, corresponding to 194 individual patients) referred to urological issues, relating to either kidney\/ureter (922 ADRs) or bladder\/urethra (837 ADRs). Ketamine was the sole drug administered in 156\/194 (80.4%) cases\/patients. Although most cases occurred in the 1 month\u20101 year time frame following the start of ketamine prescribing, in 30 cases the ADR occurred within 48\u2009hours. Most ADR\u2010related cases resolved, although both sequelae (18 cases) and fatalities (79\/1758; 4.5%) were recorded. Overall, YCS data were consistent with EMA findings, with some 50\/217 (23%) ADRs referring to renal\/urinary disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current data may only represent a gross underestimate of the KIU real prevalence issues. It is here suggested that chronic treatment involving higher doses\/repeated exposure to ketamine be restricted to the context of controlled trials or clinical audits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T02:51:11Z","timestamp":1602298271000},"page":"230-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Is medicinal ketamine associated with urinary dysfunction issues? Assessment of both the European Medicines Agency (<scp>EMA<\/scp>) and the <scp>UK<\/scp> Yellow Card Scheme pharmacovigilance database\u2010related reports"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4828-4316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolo'","family":"Schifano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Chiappini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Andrology, Department of Urology University College London Hospitals NHS Trust  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Salonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Schifano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire  Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20180312-02"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey for ketamine abuse and its relation to the lower urinary tract symptoms in Taiwan","volume":"9","author":"Li CC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e328352812c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"BNF. 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