{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:00:59Z","timestamp":1790290859354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LUTS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The therapeutic effect of saw palmetto extract (SPE) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been evaluated in clinical trials. However, the molecular mechanisms of SPE in BPH development are not fully understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>LNCap cell line treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and SD rats induced with testosterone were used, respectively. TUNEL and Muse Cell Analyzer for apoptosis and CCK8 assay for cell viability were performed to investigate the effects of SPE against BPH. Histological changes were examined by HE staining. Protein expression was analyzed for AR, PSA, SRC\u20101, and 5AR2 by Western blot, and the levels of DHT and testosterone in rat serum were quantified by ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SPE treatment could accelerate the apoptosis of cells and decrease the expressions of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u201018. TUNEL staining revealed an increase in positive staining after SPE treatment. Rats treated with SPE exhibited a reduction in prostate weight. SPE treatment led to a decrease in serum DHT and testosterone levels. SPE treatment significantly reduced the protein levels of AR, PSA, SRC\u20101, and 5AR2 in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SPE possesses anti\u2010proliferative and pro\u2010apoptotic effects by inhibiting 5\u03b1\u2010reductase and DHT expression in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo, thereby mitigating the progression of BPH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T07:33:23Z","timestamp":1747812803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Saw Palmetto Extract Ameliorates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating 5\u03b1\u2010Reductase and Apoptosis In\u00a0Vitro and In\u00a0Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9515-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center Shaanxi Prispex SFE Co., Ltd  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3897-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry &amp; Materials Science, Northwest University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Ward of Urology Xi'an GaoXin Hospital  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Department Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Holding Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06628-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00359-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-063014-123902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03722-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Testosterone and Serum Zinc Levels in Men With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"340","author":"Radhi G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Georgian Medical News"},{"issue":"49","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"843","article-title":"Current Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"117","author":"Miernik A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5857"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56434\/j.arch.esp.urol.20227505.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060241265389","article-title":"Beneficial Effects of Saw Palmetto (\n                     Serenoa repens\n                  ) Fruit Extract on the Urinary Symptoms of Healthy Japanese Adults With Possible Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","author":"Kimura M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrition and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0415-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"396","article-title":"Saw Palmetto for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"109","author":"Hammer N. C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02060-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016-1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019808987949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17738"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-03917-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-3296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajur.2020.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17081311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20220323"}],"container-title":["LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/luts.70015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T05:29:44Z","timestamp":1748496584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/luts.70015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/luts.70015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/luts.70015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-5664","1757-5672"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-5664","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-5672","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70015"}}