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To develop a conceptual model, we conducted qualitative research with 13 female child soldiers in Nepal. Participants gave open\u2010ended responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) vignettes (marital rape, emotional abuse, violence during pregnancy). Twelve participants (92%) endorsed personal responses (remaining silent, enduring violence, forgiving the husband). Twelve participants endorsed communication with one's husband. Only four participants (31%) sought family support, and three contacted police. Ultimately, 12 participants left the relationship, but the majority (nine) only left after the final IPV experience, which was preceded by prolonged psychological suffering and pregnancy endangerment. In conclusion, comorbidity risks are increased in cultural context that rely on individual or couples\u2010only behavior, lack external social engagement, have weak law and justice institutions, and have limited health services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T05:02:42Z","timestamp":1472101362000},"page":"515-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Culture and Comorbidity: Intimate Partner Violence as a Common Risk Factor for Maternal Mental Illness and Reproductive Health Problems among Former Child Soldiers in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Brandon A.","family":"Kohrt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University  Durham NC 27708"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Bourey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University  Atlanta GA 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Caste, Ethnic and Regional Identity in Nepal: Further Analysis of the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey","author":"Bennett L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Macro International"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-005-0420-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00585-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Researching Violence against Women: A Practical Guide for Researchers and Activists","author":"Ellsberg M.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-9-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.076729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Children in the Ranks: The Maoists\u2019 Use of Child Soldiers in Nepal","author":"Human Rights Watch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Rights Watch"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7208-3_30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2015.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1192\/S1749367600005841","article-title":"Four Principles of Mental Health Research and Psychosocial Intervention for Child Soldiers: Lessons Learned in Nepal","volume":"7","author":"Kohrt B. 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