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Each technique is underpinned by different ontological understandings of how microbes figure in relations between humans and animals. Therefore, animal diseases are not only a question for an applied anthropology but also involve the theoretical core of the discipline: that is, understanding how social causality emerges out of physical causality. To defend\u00a0this argument, the article describes what Herbert Spencer wrote about\u00a0foot\u2010and\u2010mouth disease; what William Robertson Smith\u00a0thought about sacrifice in the context of bovine tuberculosis; how Emile Durkheim took vaccination for smallpox as a metaphor for the pathologies of the social; and what Claude L\u00e9vi\u2010Strauss wrote about mad cow disease. The conceptions of the social in the writing of these four authors are analyzed through their understanding of the risk of transmission of animal diseases to humans, moving from prevention to precaution to preparedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T01:48:20Z","timestamp":1521856100000},"page":"24-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Genealogy of Animal Diseases and Social Anthropology (1870\u20132000)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Keck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale PSL Research University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/sub.2009.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"The Collectors of Lost Souls: Kuru, Moral Peril, and the Creation of Value in Science","author":"Anderson W.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520915176","volume-title":"The Making of a Social Disease. 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