{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T08:26:25Z","timestamp":1782980785712,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001388","name":"Wenner-Gren Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Anthropol Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article traces the viral life of HIV conspiracies in Turkey, not as peripheral noise but as central to the ways public health crises are interpreted, contested, and experienced. By offering \u201cepidemiology of conspiracy\u201d both as a metaphor and an analytic, the article treats disease conspiracies not as epistemological failures, but as vernacular tools of meaning making\u2014fragile yet forceful ways of navigating biopolitical abandonment, institutional opacity, and medical precarity. The paper examines three distinct conspiratorial narratives\u2014ranging from infected vaccines to murderous patients to superspreaders hired by Big Pharma\u2014and argues that these stories, while often dismissed as illogical or paranoid, are saturated with socio\u2010political meaning and historical memory. Ultimately, the paper calls for a reparative, rather than dismissive, reading of conspiracy in medical anthropology, especially when studying epidemics in places where data is scarce, speech is policed, and stigma circulates with viral efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T17:15:59Z","timestamp":1755537359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiology of conspiracy: Infected vaccines, infectious patients, and superspreaders for hire"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1926-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tankut","family":"Atuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute  Troy New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14506\/ca38.3.01"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Rumor as Archive: The Story of the Golden Cross in Taksim 360","volume":"8","author":"Ar\u0131can Alize.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/15525864\u20108637409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Atuk Tankut.2023. \u201cPathologies of Care: HIV Treatment and Prevention in Turkey.\u201d PhD diss. University of Minnesota."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2020.00053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2021.1881141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Al Jazeera.2021. \u201cBrazil Orders Probe Into Bolsonaro Linking COVID Vaccine and AIDS.\u201dAl Jazeera December 4 2021.https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/12\/4\/brazils\u2010bolsonaro\u2010investigated\u2010for\u2010linking\u2010vaccine\u2010and\u2010aids."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/can.2005.20.3.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Suspicion: Vaccines, Hesitancy, and the Affective Politics of Protection in Barbados","author":"Charles Nicole.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07341512.2025.2459522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Viral Cultures: Activist Archiving in the Age of AIDS","author":"Cifor Marika.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109343(02)01473\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction","author":"Foucault Michel.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211044233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans\u20102020\u2010054894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Gokkus Beraat.2018. \"Trans bireylere \u015fiddet d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda artt\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye Avrupa birincisi.\"Euronews June 10 2025.https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2018\/11\/20\/trans\u2010bireylere\u2010siddet\u2010dunya\u2010capinda\u2010artti\u2010turkiye\u2010avrupa\u2010birincisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"When Species Meet","author":"Haraway Donna J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09505431.2012.718757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1769833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/ae.2003.30.2.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14506\/ca33.1.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Malhan Simten andSerhat\u00dcnal.2017. \u201cHIV\/AIDS Awareness Report.\u201dGilead Sciences.https:\/\/birliktehivdengucluyuz.com\/uploads\/2020\/08\/hiv\u2010aids\u2010farkindalik\u2010raporu.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/1089201X\u20107885414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781478027676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Criminalized Lives: HIV and Legal Violence","author":"McClelland Alexander.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226064000.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"Milliyet.1987. \"Careless Turkey.\"Milliyet July 14 1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Milliyet.1986. \"AIDS Is Not an Issue For Us.\"Milliyet December 26 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"Milliyet.1988a. \"Muslims Should Not Be Afraid of AIDS.\"Milliyet December 12 1988."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"Milliyet.1988b. \"Turkish Moral Values Protect From AIDS.\"Milliyet September 27 1988."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"Milliyet.1988c. \"The Minister Is Not Afraid of AIDS.\"Milliyet March 21 1988."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"Reuters.2022. \u201c\u2018VAIDS\u2019 Is Not a Real Vaccine\u2010Induced Syndrome Experts Say; No Evidence COVID\u201019 Vaccines Cause Immunodeficiency.\u201dReuters February 14 2022.https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/fact\u2010check\/vaids\u2010is\u2010not\u2010a\u2010real\u2010vaccine\u2010induced\u2010syndrome\u2010experts\u2010say\u2010no\u2010evidence\u2010covid\u20101\u2010idUSL1N2UM1C7\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","volume-title":"Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation","author":"Ricoeur Paul.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aman.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","volume-title":"Queer in Translation: Sexual Politics Under Neoliberal Islam","author":"Savci Evren.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/300123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822382478-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312717692076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2014.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Paranoia Within Reason: A Casebook on Conspiracy as Explanation","author":"Stewart Kathleen.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13648470.2020.1833684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821001539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822396963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. n.d. \u201cCountry Factsheets T\u00fcrkiye.\u201dUNAIDS.https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/turkey. Last access 04.05.2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","volume-title":"Contagious: Cultures, Carriers, and the Outbreak Narrative. A John Hope Franklin Center Book","author":"Wald Priscilla.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520922297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soc10020033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gwao.12122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","volume-title":"Violent Intimacies: The Trans Everyday and the Making of an Urban World","author":"Zengin Asli.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15767\/feministstudies.46.2.0345"}],"container-title":["Medical Anthropology Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/maq.70019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:27:11Z","timestamp":1765974431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/maq.70019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/maq.70019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/maq.70019","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0745-5194","1548-1387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0745-5194","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-1387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70019"}}