{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:17:42Z","timestamp":1789165062997,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Anthropol Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antibiotic use surged during COVID\u201019 despite it being a viral illness, heightening global concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In T\u00fcrkiye \u2010 where antibiotic consumption and AMR were already high \u2010 this paradox exposed longstanding tensions between policy and practice. T\u00fcrkiye has adopted World Health Organization guidelines promoting the \u201crational\u201d (\n                    <jats:italic>ak\u0131lc\u0131<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) use of antibiotics, yet everyday healthcare encounters reveal how these reforms are translated, negotiated and reinterpreted. Drawing on fieldwork in Istanbul, this article shows how local expectations of antibiotics as symbols of care and professional competence shape prescription and use. Rather than aligning practice with policy, stewardship reforms are absorbed into existing moral and relational norms, reinforcing rather than transforming existing dynamics of care. Global stewardship attempts, as they filter through local systems, understandings and situated priorities, are vernacularized in ways that diverge from their original intentions \u2010 redistributing accountability without addressing the structural conditions that shape antibiotic use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:30:07Z","timestamp":1782934207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiotic use in T\u00fcrkiye: Everyday encounters of translating policy and negotiating rationality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-7061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse Nalan","family":"Azak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Culture, Religion, Asian and Middle Eastern Studies University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"AFP (Agence France Press in Geneva).2020. \u201cWHO Warns Overuse of antibiotics for Covid\u201019 will cause more deaths\u201d.The Guardian.https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/jun\/01\/who\u2010warns\u2010overuse\u2010of\u2010antibiotics\u2010for\u2010covid\u201019\u2010will\u2010cause\u2010more\u2010deaths. (Accessed March 24 2025)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.70019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01459740.2022.2142578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Bureaucratic Intimacies: Translating Human Rights in T\u00fcrkiye","author":"Bab\u00fcl Elif M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010011\u20101916\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2020.1725444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599\u2010019\u20100263\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Chandler Clare I. R. EleanorHutchinson andCollHutchison.2016. \u201cAddressing Antimicrobial Resistance Through Social Theory: An Anthropologically Oriented Report\u201d.London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.https:\/\/researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/3400500."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics, Markets, Practices","author":"Das Veena","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Davis Mark Schermuly Allegra C andRajkhowa Arjun.2024. \u201cAntibiotic stories: The sociology of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance project final report\u201d.Monash University.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26180\/25907422."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Denyer Willis Laurie andClareChandler.2018. \u201cAnthropology's contribution to AMR control.\u201dInvestment and Society 84\u2013108."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17157\/mat.6.4.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102021\u2010006920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Discipline and punish : the birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.)","author":"Foucault Michel.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"G\u00fcnel G\u00f6k\u00e7e SaibaVarma andChikaWatanabe.2020. \u201cA Manifesto for Patchwork Ethnography\u201d.Member Voices Fieldsights June 9.https:\/\/culanth.org\/fieldsights\/a\u2010manifesto\u2010for\u2010patchwork\u2010ethnography."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp10X544087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2019.1684442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/flora.20239719"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The changing role of pharmacists: A lesson from T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"12","author":"Kisa Sezer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Administration and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"KL\u0130M\u0130K (T\u00fcrk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve \u0130nfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Derne\u011fi).2022. \u201cAntibiyotik Direncinde 2050'den G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Bak\u0131\u015f Simpozyumu'nun Sonu\u00e7 Bildirgesi.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.klimik.org.tr\/2022\/03\/17\/antibiyotik\u2010direncinde\u20102050den\u2010gunumuze\u2010bakis\u2010simpozyumunun\u2010sonuc\u2010bildirgesi\u2010yayimlandi\/(Accessed March 25 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time","author":"Koselleck Reinhart.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102019\u2010001590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13501789700000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/19.6.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"Mardin \u015eerif.2013. \u201cProf. \u015eerif Mardin: \u201cMahalle Bask\u0131s\u0131 Ne Demek \u0130stedim?\u201d\u201d Interviewer: R.\u00c7ak\u0131r.http:\/\/www.rusencakir.com\/Prof\u2010Serif\u2010Mardin\u2010Mahalle\u2010Baskisi\u2010Ne\u2010Demek\u2010Istedim\/2028. (Accessed March 25 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","unstructured":"Medimagazin.2019. \u201cSa\u011fl\u0131k Bakan\u0131: Doktor ayn zamanda hikmet sahibi de olmal\u201d.Medimagazin: Sa\u011fl\u0131k Profesyonellerinin Gazetesi.https:\/\/medimagazin.com.tr\/guncel\/saglik\u2010bakani\u2010doktor\u2010ayni\u2010zamanda\u2010hikmet\u2010sahibi\u2010de\u2010olmali\u201080880(Accessed March 25 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203927076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(24)01867\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","volume-title":"Global Health Why Cultural Perceptions, Social Representations, and Biopolitics Matter","author":"Nichter Mark.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","volume-title":"We have no microbes here : healing practices in a Turkish Black Sea village","author":"\u00d6nder Sylvia Wing","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429457081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2019.1599560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822387916-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226390901.003.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102016\u2010011882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9780755617432.ch-006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","unstructured":"SGMM (Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Geli\u015ftirilmesi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc).2018.T.C. SA\u011eLIK BAKANLI\u011eI.https:\/\/sggm.saglik.gov.tr\/TR 31259\/akilci\u2010antibiyotik\u2010kullanimi\u2010medya\u2010kampanyasi.html(Accessed March 25 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","volume-title":"Democracy in Translation. Understanding Politics in an Unfamiliar Culture","author":"Schaffer Frederic. C.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195311150.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","unstructured":"Tompson Alice. C.andClare I. R.Chandler.2021. \u201cAddressing antibiotic use: insights from social science around the world\u201d. Project Report. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17037\/PUBS.04659562."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00664677.2013.879051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","unstructured":"T\u00dcBA (T\u00fcrkiye Bilimler Akademisi).2017. \u201cT\u00dcBA\u2010\u0130nsan ve Hayvan Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Antibiyotik Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve Antibiyotik Diren\u00e7lilik Raporu\u201d.TanerDemirer (Eds.)ISBN: 978\u20109944\u2010252\u201089\u20108."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203240427_chapter_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8030135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Social Sciences and Global Public Health","author":"Whittaker Andrea","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization).2022. \u201cAntimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2022 \u20132020 data\u201d.WHO Regional Office for Europe\/European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control WHO Regional Office for Europe"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization).2015. \u201cGlobal Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance\u201d. Geneva Switzerland ISBN 978 92 4 150976 3."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization). n.d. \u201cPromoting Rational Use of Medicines.\u201dWorld Health Organization.https:\/\/www.who.int\/activities\/promoting\u2010rational\u2010use\u2010of\u2010medicines. (Accessed May 15 2025)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.9910072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20109566.12735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21076\/vizyoner.437685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2021.1943314"}],"container-title":["Medical Anthropology Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/maq.70086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/maq.70086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/maq.70086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:48:47Z","timestamp":1789163327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/maq.70086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/maq.70086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/maq.70086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0745-5194","1548-1387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0745-5194","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-1387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70086"}}