{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:26:37Z","timestamp":1790861197408,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F32MH127877\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F32MH127877\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mind Brain and Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    English Learners (ELs), students from non\u2010English\u2010speaking backgrounds, are a fast\u2010growing, understudied, group of students in the U.S. with unique learning challenges. Cognitive flexibility\u2014the ability to switch between task demands with ease\u2014may be an important factor in learning for ELs as they have to manage learning in their non\u2010dominant language and access knowledge in multiple languages. We used functional MRI to measure cognitive flexibility brain activity in a group of Hispanic middle school ELs (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200963) and related it to their academic skills. We found that brain engagement during the cognitive flexibility task was related to both out\u2010of\u2010scanner reading and math measures. These relationships were observed across the brain, including in cognitive control, attention, and default mode networks. This work suggests the real\u2010world importance of cognitive flexibility for adolescent ELs, where individual differences in brain engagement were associated with educational outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mbe.12362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T21:20:50Z","timestamp":1685395250000},"page":"149-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain Engagement During a Cognitive Flexibility Task Relates to Academic Performance in English Learners"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tehila","family":"Nugiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0225-6320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mackenzie E.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damion V.","family":"Demeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Science University of California San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AnnaCarolina","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul T.","family":"Cirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6093-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo E.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8417-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenifer","family":"Juranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1369-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Texas at Austin"},{"name":"Biomedical Imaging Center The University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728916000225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Albus D. 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