{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:39:56Z","timestamp":1788572396948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objectives of this study were to quantify the prevalence of vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> insufficiency and deficiency in pregnancy, explore associated risk factors and discuss the public health implications. The study used retrospective analysis of randomly selected data. This is the first report on serum vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> levels in an unselected multi\u2010ethnic population of pregnant women collected between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>pril 2008 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>arch 2009. Women with sufficient stored serum were randomly selected from among all women who delivered between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>pril 2008 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>arch 2009. Serum vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> levels were determined using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> levels were analysed with respect to ethnicity (marking skin tone), calendar quartile, body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>), trimester and parity. Deficiency was defined as &lt;25\u2009nmol\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, insufficiency 25\u201375\u2009nmol\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and adequacy &gt;75\u2009nmol\u2009L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Three hundred and forty\u2010six women were included and represented the total population regarding skin tone, quartile, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, gestation and parity. Overall, 18% [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 15\u201323%] of sample women had adequate vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> levels; 36% were deficient, 45% insufficient. Among women with dark skin, only 8% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 5\u201312%) had adequate levels compared with 43% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 33\u201353%) of those with light skin. Obese women were found have significantly lower vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> levels than non\u2010obese women. Vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency and insufficiency are prevalent year\u2010round among pregnant women in North West London, especially those with darker skin. Existing supplementation guidelines should be supported; however, other measures are required to improve status among all women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T23:47:43Z","timestamp":1355269663000},"page":"23-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Vitamin <scp>D<\/scp> deficiency in pregnancy \u2013 still a public health issue"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Trixie","family":"McAree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North West London Hospital NHS Trust RNOH NHS Trust  Harrow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RNOH NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thubeena","family":"Manickavasagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suganthinie","family":"Velagala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statsconsultancy Ltd  Amersham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rainbow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North West London Hospital NHS Trust RNOH NHS Trust  Harrow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitch","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007470.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.103168"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(95)01719-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2011.212563.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90214-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Department of Health (DoH)(2003)Screening for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy Standards to Support the UK Screening Programme. 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