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This study was embedded within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>eneration <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content> study. Cranial ultrasounds were obtained at approximately 7 weeks post\u2010natal age. The diameter of the gangliothalamic ovoid, corpus callosum length, ventricular volume and head circumference were measured. Maternal reports of breastfeeding were obtained at 2 months of age. We examined associations in relation to current breastfeeding practices (exclusively breastfed, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009318, breast\u2010 and bottle\u2010fed, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009119, and bottle\u2010fed, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009243). Analyses were adjusted for head size and relevant covariates. Secondary analyses were conducted for breastfeeding history (exclusively breastfed, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009318, breast\u2010 and bottle\u2010fed, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009281, and never breastfed, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200981). Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with more optimal brain development compared with babies who were bottle\u2010fed or never breastfed. Results were most consistent for gangliothalamic ovoid diameter. Larger gangliothalamic ovoid diameters were evident in babies who were exclusively breastfed compared with bottle\u2010fed babies [difference between means (95% confidence interval)\u2009=\u20090.21(0.02, 0.39), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02]. Smaller ventricular volume and larger head circumference were also found for exclusively breastfed babies. Breastfeeding was not significantly associated with corpus callosum length. Maternal reports of breastfeeding are associated with more mature brain development within the first 2 months of life. Results are most consistent for gangliothalamic ovoid diameter, a subcortical structure rich in docosahexaenoic acid. Findings also pointed to non\u2010specific neural developmental advantage for exclusively breastfed babies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1353425181000},"page":"332-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Breastfeeding and early brain development: the <scp>G<\/scp>eneration <scp>R<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Herba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (UQAM) and Sainte\u2010Justine Hospital Research Center  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Roza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Govaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Erasmus University 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