{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:51:42Z","timestamp":1769550702883,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency may be a risk factor for negative outcome in pregnancy, such as pre\u2010term labour, low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation and gestational diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> and pre\u2010eclampsia. This was a case\u2013control study of 59 pre\u2010eclamptic women and 59 healthy pregnant women selected in two hospitals in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>hvaz, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ran. Women with term singleton pregnancy, nulliparous and of reproductive age were selected. Venous blood samples (2\u2009mL) were taken and the level of 25\u2010dihydroxy vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> (25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>) was measured. If the levels of 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> were less than 10\u2009ng\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, between 10\u2009ng\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and 29\u2009ng\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and more than 30\u2009ng\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, they were considered as indicating deficient, insufficient and normal 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations, respectively. The independent t\u2010test, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ann\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>hitney <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010test, chi\u2010square and logistic regression were used for analysing the data. Vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency was significantly higher in the pre\u2010eclampsia group [odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009=\u200924.04, confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009=\u20092.10\u2013274.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01]. Older women (30\u201335 years) were more likely to develop pre\u2010eclampsia compared with the control group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200910.36, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20092.18\u201349.09, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). The results showed that women with body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>) &lt;20 were more likely to develop pre\u2010eclampsia. The ages between 20 years and 30 years and normal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> were not the risk factors for pre\u2010eclampsia. Vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency has a statistically significant relationship with pre\u2010eclampsia. It seems that the serum vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> levels are low in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ranian women because of their particular lifestyle and they may need more than 400\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content> day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> supplement during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T10:02:46Z","timestamp":1371636166000},"page":"206-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The relationship of serum vitamin <scp>D<\/scp> with pre\u2010eclampsia in the <scp>I<\/scp>ranian women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Parvin","family":"Abedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Health Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Mohaghegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Department Nursing &amp; Midwifery School Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poorandokht","family":"Afshary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Health Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health School Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01747-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.2.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349309068035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"The National Maternal Health Care","author":"EmamiAfshar N.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology","author":"Gibbs R.S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.5.1828"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a70f08"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Diet and vitamin D status among pregnant Pakistani women in Oslo","volume":"49","author":"Henriksen C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00060793-200202000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1752S"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Chronic continuous PTH infusion result hypertension in normal subjects","volume":"2","author":"Hulter H.N.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Hypertension"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.0954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.07.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy","author":"Mahan L.K.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000298772"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation in healthy infants","volume":"45","author":"Pehlivan I.","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590601045629"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00723-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"SI","article-title":"Report of the national high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in pregnancy","volume":"183","author":"Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610601113961"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198408000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.222"}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; 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