{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:22:39Z","timestamp":1791235359711,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"MOST","award":["HRN-AA-00-98-00047-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRN-AA-00-98-00047-00"]}]},{"name":"USAID Cooperation Agreement","award":["388-A-00-97-00032-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["388-A-00-97-00032-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Food fortification is a cost\u2010effective and sustainable strategy to prevent or correct micronutrient deficiencies. A double\u2010blind cluster (\n                    <jats:italic>bari<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) randomised controlled trial was conducted in a rural community in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    angladesh to evaluate the impact of consumption of\n                    <jats:italic>chapatti<\/jats:italic>\n                    made of micronutrient\u2010fortified wheat flour for 6 months by school\u2010aged children on their vitamin\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , haemoglobin and iron status. A total of 43\n                    <jats:italic>baris<\/jats:italic>\n                    (group of households) were randomly selected. The\n                    <jats:italic>baris<\/jats:italic>\n                    were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. The intervention group received wheat flour fortified with added micronutrients (including 66\u2009mg hydrogen\u2010reduced elemental iron and 3030\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g retinol equivalent as retinyl palmitate per kilogram of flour), while the control group received wheat flour without added micronutrients. A total of 352 children were enrolled in the trial, 203 in the intervention group and 149 in the control group. Analyses were carried out on children who completed the study (191 in the intervention group and 143 in the control group). Micronutrient\u2010fortified wheat flour\n                    <jats:italic>chapatti<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly increased serum retinol concentration at 6 months by 0.12\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    mol\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    [95% confidence interval (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ): 0.06, 0.19;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01]. The odds of vitamin A deficiency was significantly lower for children in the intervention group at 3 months [odds ratio (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )\u2009=\u20090.26; 95% confidence interval (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ): 0.07, 0.89;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05] and 6 months (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.21; 95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : 0.06, 0.68;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No demonstrable effect of fortified\n                    <jats:italic>chapatti<\/jats:italic>\n                    consumption on iron status, haemoglobin levels or anaemia was observed. Consumption of fortified\n                    <jats:italic>chapattis<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrated a significant improvement in the vitamin A status, but not in iron, haemoglobin or anaemia status.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T23:06:41Z","timestamp":1372201601000},"page":"120-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Double\u2010blind cluster randomised controlled trial of wheat flour\n                    <i>chapatti<\/i>\n                    fortified with micronutrients on the status of vitamin\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    and iron in school\u2010aged children in rural\n                    <scp>B<\/scp>\n                    angladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Wahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-9-199911020-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201300191950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"577","article-title":"Iodine deficiency diseases in Switzerland one hundred years after Theodor Kocher's survey: a historical review with some new goitre prevalence data","volume":"123","author":"Burgi H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinologica (Copenhagen)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.114700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482659801900202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)81869-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500070078033","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and child mortality. A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"269","author":"Fawzi W.W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6874.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition(2003)New Global Alliance Brings Food Fortification to World's Poor[Online]. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/releases\/2003\/prgain\/en\/(Accessed 28 June 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"HKI & IPHN(1999)National and divisional trends among children and households in rural Bangladesh.1998 NSP Annual ReportDhaka Bangladesh: Helen Keller International and Institute of Public Health Nutrition."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"HKI & IPHN(2002)Anemia is a severe public health problem in pre\u2010school children and pregnant women in rural Bangladesh.Nutritional Surveillance Project Bulletin No. 10. Dhaka Bangladesh: Helen Keller International and Institute of Public Health Nutrition."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Bangladesh in Facts and Figures: 2005 Annual Report of the Nutritional Surveillance Project","author":"HKI & IPHN","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806s","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.806S","article-title":"Fortification: overcoming technical and practical barriers","volume":"132","author":"Hurrel R.F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100311S102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"HussainS.S.(2012)Bangladesh Grain and Feed Annual 2012.Gain Report. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.6.903","article-title":"Early response to the effect of iron fortification in the Venezuelan population","volume":"64","author":"Layrisse M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"MalekM.A.&BhuyanM.A.H.(2001)Report of Organoleptic Test of Fortified ATTA. Dhaka: Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of Dhaka."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.5.1265","article-title":"Vitamin A\u2010fortified monosodium glutamate and vitamin A status: a controlled field trial","volume":"48","author":"Muhilal","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.74.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributes to Selected Major Risk Factors","author":"Rice A.L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(67)90254-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.6.1034","article-title":"Effect of iron\u2010fortified candies on the iron status of children aged 4\u20136 y in East Jakarta, Indonesia","volume":"73","author":"Sari M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.1.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"720","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of vitamin A\u2010fortified margarine on the vitamin A status of preschool Filipino children","volume":"50","author":"Solon F.S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors","author":"Stoltzfus R.J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.3.497","article-title":"Effect of iron\u2010, iodine\u2010, and \u03b2\u2013carotene\u2010fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"69","author":"Stuijvenberg M.E.V.","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"The Flour Fortification Initiative(2012)Global Progress[Online]. Available at:http:\/\/www.ffinetwork.org\/global_progress\/index.php(Accessed 25 January 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"UNICEF UNU WHO & MI(1999)Preventing iron deficiency in women and children. Technical consensus on key issues. Technical workshop October 7\u20139 1998. Boston and Ottawa: International Nutrition Foundation and Micronutrient Initiative."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO)(2008)Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993\u20132005: WHO Global Database on Anaemia. WHO: Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO)(2009)Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995\u20132005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency. WHO: Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.2.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.6.1276"}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmcn.12065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.12065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T20:30:35Z","timestamp":1695587435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.12065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.12065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12065","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}