{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:40:41Z","timestamp":1762875641117},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal & Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>In\u2010home fortification of infants with micronutrient powders (MNP<\/jats:styled-content>s) containing 12.5\u2009mg iron may increase morbidity from infections; therefore, an efficacious low\u2010dose iron\u2010containing MNP<\/jats:styled-content> might be advantageous. Effects of iron\u2010containing MNPs<\/jats:styled-content> on infant growth are unclear. We assessed the efficacy of a low\u2010iron MNP<\/jats:styled-content> on iron status and growth and monitored safety in a randomised, controlled, double\u2010blind 1\u2010year trial in 6\u2010month\u2010old infants (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009287) consuming daily a maize porridge fortified with either a MNP<\/jats:styled-content> including 2.5\u2009mg iron as NaFeEDTA<\/jats:styled-content> (MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009F<\/jats:styled-content>e) or the same MNP<\/jats:styled-content> without iron (MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2212\u2009F<\/jats:styled-content>e). At baseline, after 6 and 12 months, we determined haemoglobin (Hb<\/jats:styled-content>), iron status [serum ferritin (SF<\/jats:styled-content>), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)], inflammation [C<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010reactive protein (CRP<\/jats:styled-content>)] and anthropometrics. We investigated safety using weekly morbidity questionnaires asking for diarrhoea, cough, flu, bloody or mucus\u2010containing stool and dyspnoea, and recorded any other illness. Furthermore, feeding history and compliance were assessed weekly. At baseline, 71% of the infants were anaemic and 22% iron deficient; prevalence of inflammation was high (31% had an elevated CRP<\/jats:styled-content>). Over the 1 year, Hb increased and SF decreased in both groups, without significant treatment effects of the iron fortification. At end point, the weight of infants consuming MNP\u2009+\u2009F<\/jats:styled-content>e was greater than in the MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009\u2212\u2009F<\/jats:styled-content>e group (9.9 vs. 9.5\u2009kg, P<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u20090.038). Mothers of infants in the MNP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009F<\/jats:styled-content>e group reported more infant days spent with cough (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and dyspnoea (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0002); there were no significant differences on any other of the weekly morbidity measures. In this study, low\u2010dose iron\u2010containing MNP<\/jats:styled-content> did not improve infant's iron status or reduce anaemia prevalence, likely because absorption was inadequate due to the high prevalence of infections and the low\u2010iron dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T04:11:59Z","timestamp":1416888719000},"page":"151-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["In\u2010home fortification with 2.5\u2009mg iron as NaFeEDTA<\/scp> does not reduce anaemia but increases weight gain: a randomised controlled trial in K<\/scp>enyan infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tanja","family":"Barth\u2010Jaeggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Kvalsvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penny A.","family":"Holding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Behavioural Studies Mombasa Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Technology and Nutrition University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Technology and Nutrition University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meera K.","family":"Chhagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60817-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6942.1499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6957.780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265090301S103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.12.2204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.175075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/29.6.614","article-title":"Food iron absorption in man II. The effect of EDTA on absorption of dietary non\u2010heme iron","volume":"29","author":"Cook J.D.","year":"1976","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.4.717","article-title":"Assessment of the role of nonheme\u2010iron availability in iron balance","volume":"54","author":"Cook J.D.","year":"1991","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.11.3249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.148643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"The clinical measurement of serum transferrin receptor","volume":"114","author":"Flowers C.H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265070284S414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7373.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.11.3031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19940113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500002531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.157578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.2.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Sensory Evaluation Techniques","author":"Meilgaard M.C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.616S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2007.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/PHN2005918"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)67962-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60437-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"StoltzfusR.(1998)Guidelines for the use of iron supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.129247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"Iron Deficiency and Anemia: Assessment Prevention and Control. A Guide for Programme Managers","author":"WHO","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","volume-title":"Anthro for Personal Computers. Version 2. Software for Assessing Growth and Development of the World's Children","author":"WHO","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.4.1075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.277129"}],"container-title":["Maternal & Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmcn.12163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.12163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:31:40Z","timestamp":1695601900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.12163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.12163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12163","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}