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The objective of this review was to comprehensively delineate the barriers and facilitators of exclusive breastfeeding of infants aged 0\u20136 months old by mothers in developing countries. A search of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PsycINFO<\/jats:styled-content> was carried out to retrieve studies from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2001 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2014. Using our inclusion criteria, we selected studies that described barriers and facilitators of exclusive breastfeeding. Qualitative and quantitative studies were considered. Twenty\u2010five studies involving 11\u2009025 participants from 19 countries were included. Barriers and facilitators of exclusive\/full breastfeeding were identified, analysed tabulated and summarised in this review. Maternal employment was the most frequently cited barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal perceptions of insufficient breast milk supply was pervasive among studies while medical barriers related to illness of mothers and\/or infants as well as breast problems, rather than health care providers. Socio\u2010cultural factors such as maternal and significant other's beliefs about infant nutrition also often constitute strong barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Despite these barriers, mothers in developing countries often possess certain personal characteristics and develop strategic plans to enhance their success at breastfeeding. Health care providers should be informed about the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and provide practical anticipatory guidance targeted at overcoming these barriers. In so doing, health care providers in developing countries can contribute to improving maternal and child health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]],"date-time":"2015-04-08T04:57:19Z","timestamp":1428469039000},"page":"433-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Factors influencing breastfeeding exclusivity during the first 6 months of life in developing countries: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Olukunmi Omobolanle","family":"Balogun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amarjagal","family":"Dagvadorj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Informatics Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kola Mathew","family":"Anigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Ahmadu Bello University  Zaria Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology School of Public Health the University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7525.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to the practice of exclusive breast feeding among working class mothers: a study of female resident doctors in tertiary health institutions in Plateau State","volume":"2","author":"Agbo H.A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"E3 Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v78i1.9104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-7-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008003005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.4.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.e67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e827","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"129","author":"Arthur E.I.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651103200401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing(2009)Australian Health Ministers' Conference 2009 The Australian National Breastfeeding Strategy 2010\u20132015. 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