{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:08:19Z","timestamp":1790068099364,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an important contributor to child morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of VAD, measured by retinol\u2010binding protein (RBP) or retinol, is overestimated in populations with a high prevalence of inflammation. We aimed to quantify and adjust for the effect of inflammation on VAD prevalence in a nationally representative survey of Liberian children 6 to 35\u2009months of age. We compared five approaches to adjust RBP for inflammation and estimate VAD prevalence (defined as RBP\u2009&lt;\u20090.7\u2009\u00b5mol\/L): (1) ignoring inflammation; (2) excluding individuals with inflammation (C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) &gt;5\u2009mg\/L or alpha1\u2010acid glycoprotein (AGP) &gt;1\u2009g\/)L; (3) multiplying each individual's RBP by an internal correction factor; (4) by an external correction factor; and (5) using regression (corrected RBP\u2009=\u2009exp(InRBP \u2013 \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>(lnCRP<jats:sub>obs<\/jats:sub>\u2010lnCRP<jats:sub>ref<\/jats:sub>) \u2013 \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(lnAGP<jats:sub>obs<\/jats:sub>\u2010lnAGP<jats:sub>ref<\/jats:sub>)). Corrected RBP was based on a regression model where reference lnCRP and lnAGP were set to the maximum of the lowest decile. The unadjusted prevalence of VAD was 24.7%. Children with elevated CRP and\/or AGP had significantly lower RBP concentrations than their apparently healthy peers (geometric mean RBP 0.79\u2009\u00b5mol\/L (95% CI: 0.76, 0.82) vs. 0.95\u2009\u00b5mol\/L (95% CI: 0.92, 0.97), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Using approaches 2\u20135 resulted in a prevalence of VAD of 11.6%, 14.3%, 13.5% and 7.3%, respectively. Depending on the approach, the VAD prevalence is reduced 10\u201317 percentage points when inflammation is taken into account. Further quantification of the influence of inflammation on biomarkers of vitamin A status from other national surveys is needed to compare and recommend the preferred adjustment approach across populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T06:29:39Z","timestamp":1454567379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Accounting for the influence of inflammation on retinol\u2010binding protein in a population survey of Liberian preschool\u2010age children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Leila Margaret","family":"Larson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. Yaw","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Sandalinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF Regional Office for West and Central Africa  Dakar Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Faigao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF Liberia  Monrovia Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Kupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF Regional Office for West and Central Africa  Dakar Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Flores\u2010Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Nutrition Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parminder S.","family":"Suchdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Nutrition Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012004351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.023812"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.145805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.11.3127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.2.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.2.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007000821"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"KojA.(1985)Definition and classification of acute\u2010phase proteins.The Acute\u2010Phase Response to Injury and Infection 139\u2013144."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"LISGIS&UNICEF(2011)Liberia National Micronutrient Survey 2011: Summary of Key Findings. 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