{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:59:02Z","timestamp":1790895542781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women actively seek health information online, including nutrition and food\u2010related topics. However, the accuracy and readability of this information have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate pregnancy\u2010related food and nutrition information available online. Four search engines were used to search for pregnancy\u2010related nutrition web pages. Content analysis of web pages was performed. Web pages were assessed against the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines to assess accuracy. Flesch\u2013Kincaid (F\u2010K), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Gunning Fog Index (FOG) and Flesch reading ease (FRE) formulas were used to assess readability. Data was analysed descriptively. Spearman's correlation was used to assess the relationship between web page characteristics. Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used to check for differences among readability and other web page characteristics. A total of 693 web pages were included. Web page types included commercial (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009340), not\u2010for\u2010profit (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009113), blogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009112), government (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200989), personal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936) and educational (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093). The accuracy of online nutrition information varied with 39.7% of web pages containing accurate information, 22.8% containing mixed information and 37.5% containing inaccurate information. The average reading grade of all pages analysed measured by F\u2010K, SMOG and FOG was 11.8. The mean FRE was 51.6, a \u2018fairly difficult to read\u2019 score. Only 0.5% of web pages were written at or below grade 6 according to F\u2010K, SMOG and FOG. The findings suggest that accuracy of pregnancy\u2010related nutrition information is a problem on the internet. Web page readability is generally difficult and means that the information may not be accessible to those who cannot read at a sophisticated level. \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T18:01:15Z","timestamp":1467223275000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Online nutrition information for pregnant women: a content analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tayla","family":"Storr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education University of the Sunshine Coast  Sippy Downs Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education University of the Sunshine Coast  Sippy Downs Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Swanepoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education University of the Sunshine Coast  Sippy Downs Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics(2013)4228.0 \u2010 Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies Australia 2011\u201012. Available at:http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/mf\/4228.0(Accessed 16 August 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Australian Dietary Guidelines","author":"Australian Government: National Health and Medical Research Council","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-010-9244-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"773","article-title":"Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birthweight: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Cogswell M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-199612000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650209351912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2014.11.2099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Experian Marketing Servicesn.d.Consumer search engine trends. Available at:http:\/\/www.experian.com\/marketing\u2010services\/online\u2010trends\u2010search\u2010engine.html(Accessed 6 May 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.20.2691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J381v11n04_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PY13039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558707301630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1998.tb140192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems","volume":"6","author":"Hofmeyr G.J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1160-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17538157.2012.710686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Energy and protein intake in pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Kramer M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7337.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00390.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2011.00488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2007.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548509608400003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Periconceptional supplementation with folate and\/or multivitamins for preventing neural tube defects","volume":"3","author":"Lumley J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Iron and folate supplementation in pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Mahomed K.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17538157.2010.542529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Narrative versus non\u2010narrative: the role of identification, transportation and emotion in reducing health disparities","volume":"63","author":"Murphy S.T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Health(2013)How to write easy\u2010to\u2010read health materials. Available at:http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/etr.html#top(Accessed 19 July 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","unstructured":"Oleander Software(2012)Readability Studio. Available at:http:\/\/www.oleandersolutions.com\/readabilitystudio.html(Accessed 10 August 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cym050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v29n04_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","unstructured":"PetchT. (2004)Content analysis of selected health information websites: final report. Available at:http:\/\/www.sfu.ca\/act4hlth\/pub\/working\/Content%20Analysis.pdf(Accessed 30 July 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","unstructured":"Plan Language Works L. (2011)Using your computer for readability. Available at:http:\/\/hospitals.unm.edu\/dei\/documents\/using_computers_for_readability.pdf(Accessed 11 March 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2011.650823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","unstructured":"RobichaudC. MaherJ.&SwanepoelE.(2014)Exploring nutrition literacy in relation to nulliparous pregnant women's internet use. Honours thesis. University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.168856"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmn077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2014.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.01.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Readability assessment of internet\u2010based consumer health information","volume":"53","author":"Walsh T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiratory Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0080.2010.01404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(01)00071-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.14504901382"}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmcn.12315","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmcn.12315","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.12315","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T03:20:06Z","timestamp":1696216806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.12315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.12315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12315","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]]},"article-number":"e12315"}}