{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:41:48Z","timestamp":1770831708726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency has adverse health effects in young children. Our aims were to determine predictors of vitamin D status and then to use these factors to develop a practical tool to predict low 25(OH)D concentrations in preschool New Zealand children. A cross\u2010sectional sample of 1329 children aged 2 to &lt;5\u2009years were enrolled from throughout New Zealand in late\u2010winter to spring 2012. 25\u2010Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured on dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected using finger\u2010prick sampling. Caregivers completed a questionnaire. Mean (SD) DBS 25(OH)D concentration was 52(19)nmol\/L. 25(OH)D\u2009&lt;\u200925\u2009nmol\/L was present in 86(7%), 25(OH)D\u2009&lt;\u200950\u2009nmol\/L in 642(48%), 25(OH)D 50\u2010\u2009&lt;\u200975\u2009nmol\/L in 541(41%) and 25(OH)D\u2009&gt;\u200975\u2009nmol\/L in 146(11%) of children. Factors independently associated with the risk of 25(OH)D &lt;\u200925\u2009nmol\/L were female gender (OR 1.92,95%CI 1.17\u20133.14), other non\u2010European ethnicities (not including M\u0101ori or Pacific) (3.51,1.89\u20136.50), had olive\u2010dark skin colour (4.52,2.22\u20139.16), did not take vitamin D supplements (2.56,1.06\u20136.18), had mothers with less than secondary\u2010school qualifications (5.00,2.44\u201310.21) and lived in more deprived households (1.27,1.06\u20131.53). Children who drank toddler milk (vitamin D fortified cow's milk formula marketed to young children) had a zero risk of 25(OH)D\u2009&lt;\u200925\u2009nmol\/L. The predictive tool identified children at risk of 25(OH)D\u2009&lt;\u200925\u2009nmol\/L with sensitivity 42%, specificity 97% and ROC area\u2010under\u2010curve 0.76(95%CI 0.67\u20130.86, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Predictors of low vitamin D status were consistent with those identified in previous studies of New Zealand children. The tool had insufficient predictive ability for use in clinical situations, and suggests a need to promote safe, inexpensive testing to determine vitamin D status in preschool children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T07:06:47Z","timestamp":1469603207000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Predictors of vitamin D status in New Zealand preschool children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"C.T.","family":"Cairncross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Nutrition Massey University  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Stonehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Food and Nutrition  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of 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