{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:28:22Z","timestamp":1761060502151,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004371","name":"Tampereen Yliopisto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for infants for the first 6\u00a0months of life, followed by introduction of nutritious complementary foods alongside breastfeeding. Breast milk remains a significant source of nourishment in the second half of infancy and beyond; however, it is not clear whether more breast milk is always better. The present study was designed to determine the association between amount of breast milk intake at 9\u201310\u00a0months of age and infant growth and development by 12\u201318\u00a0months of age. The study was nested in a randomized controlled trial conducted in Malawi. Regression analysis was used to determine associations between breast milk intake and growth and development. Mean (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>) breast milk intake at 9\u201310\u00a0months of age was 752 (244)\u00a0g\/day. Mean (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>) length\u2010for\u2010age z\u2010score at 12\u00a0months and change in length\u2010for\u2010age z\u2010score between 12 and 18\u00a0months were \u22121.69 (1.0) and \u22120.17 (0.6), respectively. At 18\u00a0months, mean (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>) expressive vocabulary score was 32 (24) words and median (interquartile range) skills successfully performed for fine, gross, and overall motor skills were 21 (19\u201322), 18 (16\u201319), and 38 (26\u201340), respectively. Breast milk intake (g\/day) was not associated with either growth or development. Proportion of total energy intake from breast milk was negatively associated with fine motor (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.18,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.015) but not other developmental scores in models adjusted for potential confounders. Among Malawian infants, neither breast milk intake nor percent of total energy intake from breast milk at 9\u201310\u00a0months was positively associated with subsequent growth between 12 and 18\u00a0months, or development at 18\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T10:09:40Z","timestamp":1516356580000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between breast milk intake at 9\u201310\u00a0months of age and growth and development among Malawian young children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5894-0332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiza","family":"Kumwenda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child Health Research University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Health Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Lilongwe Malawi"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Malawi, College of Medicine Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaimie","family":"Hemsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Nutrition Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Phuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Malawi, College of Medicine Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Ashorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child Health Research University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1357-9077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Arimond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Maleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Malawi, College of Medicine Blantyre Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5388-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie J.","family":"Haskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn G.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Ashorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Child Health Research University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146532808X335679"},{"volume-title":"Paper presented at the the 21st congress of the international society for the study of behavioral development","year":"2010","author":"Alcock K. 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