{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:30:55Z","timestamp":1790202655308,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID\u2010OAA\u2010F\u201013\u201000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID\u2010OAA\u2010F\u201013\u201000040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are associated with linear growth faltering. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a nutrition and water and sanitation for health intervention on three IYCF indicators\u2014minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in Kenyan children. Households were randomized into one of eight groups: (a) active control; (b) passive control; (c) water quality (W); (d) sanitation (S); (e) handwashing (H); (f) combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing; (g) nutrition (N); and (h) combined WSH\u00a0+\u00a0N. In the N and WSH\u00a0+\u00a0N arms, community\u2010based promoters counselled households on optimal IYCF practices, and small\u2010quantity lipid\u2010based nutrient supplements (SQ\u2010LNS) were provided to children 6\u201324\u00a0months of age. Twelve months (Year 1) and 24\u00a0months (Year 2) after interventions began, enumerators surveyed mothers to ascertain IYCF practices. We made pairwise comparisons of each intervention arm versus the active control arm using log binomial models. In total, 3,652 caretakers were surveyed at Year 1 and 4,987 caretakers at Year 2. Compared with the active control, there were no differences in any of the arms in MDD, MMF, or MAD, aside from an increase in MDD at Year 1 in the nutrition only arm but not in the combined WSH\u00a0+\u00a0N arm (N: 68%; WSH\u00a0+\u00a0N: 61%; C: 61%; N arm prevalence ratio: 1.13 95% CI [1.01, 1.25]). In this setting, a nutrition behaviour change communication intervention had little impact on IYCF indicators. The provision of SQ\u2010LNS was not detrimental to current IYCF indicators in the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T10:47:25Z","timestamp":1536749245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A behaviour change intervention with lipid\u2010based nutrient supplements had little impact on young child feeding indicators in rural Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4528-752X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra","family":"Byrd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of California Davis  Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly N.","family":"Dentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of California Davis  Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Kiprotich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovations for Poverty Action  Kakamega Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tufts University  Medford Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Omondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Policy Research Mathematica Policy Research  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osborne","family":"Kwena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Policy Research Mathematica Policy Research  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gouthami","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovations for Poverty Action  Kakamega Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of California Davis  Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6105-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health University of California Berkeley  Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn G.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of California Davis  Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"John M.","family":"Colford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health University of California Berkeley  Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0819-536X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clair","family":"Null","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovations for Poverty Action  Kakamega Kenya"},{"name":"Center for International Policy Research Mathematica Policy Research  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4575-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine P.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of California Davis  Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116651209"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","article-title":"Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries","author":"Adu\u2010Afarwuah S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Maternal & Child 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