{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:57:23Z","timestamp":1783025843377,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cooperative Agreement AID\u2010OAA\u2010A\u201014\u201000028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cooperative Agreement AID\u2010OAA\u2010A\u201014\u201000028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Lake Zone, Tanzania, low contraceptive prevalence, closely spaced births, and child stunting are common. Synergies exist between postpartum family planning (PPFP) and maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN), yet health services are often provided in silos. This qualitative formative research study aimed to identify barriers and facilitating factors for optimal nutrition and PPFP practices in Mara and Kagera, Tanzania. Results informed the program design of an integrated nutrition and family planning (FP) implementation approach. The study involved in\u2010depth interviews with mothers of infants under 1\u00a0year (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024), grandmothers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012), health providers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06), and traditional birth attendants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012), and 14 focus group discussions with community health workers, fathers, and community leaders. Findings reveal that breastfeeding initiation was often delayed, and prelacteal feeding was common. Respondents linked insufficient breast milk to inadequate maternal nutrition\u2014in terms of the quality of the diet and small quantities of food consumed by mothers. Breast milk insufficiency was addressed through early introduction of foods and liquids. Mothers believed that breastfeeding prevents pregnancy, regardless of the frequency or duration of breastfeeding, yet were generally not aware of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) of FP. Joint decision\u2010making on FP was viewed as important, and women often discussed it with their partner. Future programming should address misconceptions about return to fecundity<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#mcn12735-note-0001\"\/> knowledge gaps and concerns about FP methods including LAM; and perceptions regarding insufficient breast milk and early introduction of foods which are impediments to optimal MIYCN and FP practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T16:26:12Z","timestamp":1549988772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Perspectives on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition and family planning: Considerations for rollout of integrated services in Mara and Kagera, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5708-0764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program\/Jhpiego  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0439-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine A.","family":"Kavle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program\/PATH  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Nyoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Dar es Salaam  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program\/Jhpiego  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Lemwayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program\/Jhpiego  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemmy","family":"Mabuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program\/Jhpiego  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5438-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Pfitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program\/Jhpiego  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2015.00031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Promoting the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) in Jordan increases modern contraceptive use in the extended postpartum period","author":"Bongiovanni A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0255-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2341-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Dulli L. &Randrianasolo B.S.(2015).Formative research to improve the promotion of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the MAHEFA USAID\/Madagascar Program Ambilobe District DIANA Region. 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