{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T20:51:13Z","timestamp":1762980673206,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade New Zealand"},{"name":"ChildFund New Zealand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since 2001, ChildFund Kenya has supplied micronutrient fortified school meals to preschoolers from two tribes (Kamba and Maasai) attending early childhood development (ECD) centres in Emali, S.E. Kenya. Lack of information on the micronutrient status of the preschoolers prompted a cross\u2010sectional assessment of micronutrient (iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin D) status and prevalence of deficiencies among the two tribes. Data on sociodemographic, health, anthropometric status, and micronutrient supply from preschool meals were collected from 287 Kamba and 213 Maasai children aged 3 to 5\u00a0years attending 23 ECD centres. Nonfasting blood samples were collected for haemoglobin and plasma biomarkers of iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin D, C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010acid glycoprotein, and immunoglobin G. The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in Maasai children than Kamba (38%, 95% CI [31%, 45%], vs. 5%, [3%, 9%]), as well as iron deficiency and its various stages (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). No differences were seen in the prevalence of zinc, selenium, vitamin A, or vitamin D deficiencies (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Body iron, CRP, and age were significant predictors of haemoglobin concentrations for both tribes (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.006) and plasma 25\u2010OHD for Maasai children only. The higher prevalence of iron deficiency among Maasai than Kamba children was possibly attributed to the high consumption of cow's milk (low in bioavailable iron) in place of micronutrient fortified meals together with a higher prevalence of chronic inflammation and intestinal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T22:05:35Z","timestamp":1551477935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Micronutrient status differs among Maasai and Kamba preschoolers in a supplementary feeding programme in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2276-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Houghton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6951-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Beaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ChildFund New Zealand  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl B.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jillian J.","family":"Haszard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Erhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VitMin Lab  Willstaett Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0370-9424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalind S.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2006.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(96)80015-0"},{"volume-title":"Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients","year":"2006","author":"Allen L.","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Bognar A. 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