{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:57:33Z","timestamp":1790953053326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1149709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1149709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poultry production in low income countries provides households with nutrient\u2010rich meat and egg products, as well as cash income. However, traditional production systems present potential health and nutrition risks because poultry scavenging around household compounds may increase children's exposure to livestock\u2010related pathogens. Data from a cross\u2010sectional survey were analysed to examine associations between poultry, water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, and anthropometric indicators in children (6\u201359\u00a0months; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03,230) in Burkina Faso. Multilevel regression was used to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. The prevalence of stunting and wasting in children 6\u201324\u00a0months was 19% and 17%, respectively, compared with a prevalence of 26% and 6%, respectively, in children 25\u201360\u00a0months. Over 90% of households owned poultry, and chicken faeces were visible in 70% of compounds. Caregivers reported that 3% of children consumed eggs during a 24\u2010hr recall. The presence of poultry faeces was associated with poultry flock size, poultry\u2010husbandry and household hygiene practices. Having an improved water source and a child visibly clean was associated with higher height\u2010for\u2010age <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores (HAZ). The presence of chicken faeces was associated with lower weight\u2010for\u2010height <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores, and no associations were found with HAZ. Low levels of poultry flock size and poultry consumption in Burkina Faso suggest there is scope to expand production and improve diets in children, including increasing chicken and egg consumption. However, to minimize potential child health risks associated with expanding informal poultry production, research is required to understand the mechanisms through which cohabitation with poultry adversely affects child health and design interventions to minimize these risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T08:20:37Z","timestamp":1553588437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Poultry husbandry, water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, and child anthropometry in rural Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4977-2549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aulo","family":"Gelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Headey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Becquey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmane","family":"Ganaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFRICSante  Bobo\u2010Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Huybregts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Pedehombga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFRICSante  Bobo\u2010Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Verhoef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)  London UK"},{"name":"MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM  Banjul Gambia"},{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group Wageningen University  Wageningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Respiratory health hazards in agriculture","volume":"158","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60996-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00512.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Demographic Health Survey.Burkina Faso;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Direction de la nutrition\/Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 Burkina Faso(DNMS)(2016).Rapport de l\u2019Enqu\u00eate nutritionnelle nationale 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0822-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Milk and dairy products in human nutrition","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Minimum dietary diversity for women: A guide for measurement","author":"FAO and FHI 360","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2156-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Assessing the health and nutrition risks of smallholder poultry production in Burkina Faso insights from formative research","author":"Gelli A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Multilevelstatistical models","author":"Goldstein H.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"e0160590","article-title":"Is exposure to poultry harmful to child nutrition?","volume":"11","author":"Headey D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"An observational analysis for rural Ethiopia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19439342.2012.758165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Handbook on community\u2010led total sanitation","author":"Kar K.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Preventing environmental enteric dysfunction through improved water, sanitation and hygiene: An opportunity for stunting reduction in developing countries","author":"Mbuya M. 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