{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:16:14Z","timestamp":1790201774899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES007069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES007069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some evidence suggests that aflatoxin may contribute to the high prevalence of stunting observed in low\u2010income countries. Whereas several studies have been conducted in West Africa, fewer exist in East Africa and even fewer in nonagricultural contexts. We analyzed serum samples from 400 iron\u2010replete, nonanemic pregnant women from a cohort in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to determine the extent and magnitude of exposure to aflatoxin and to study the relationship between levels of aflatoxin exposure in utero and infant birth and growth outcomes. Ninety\u2010nine percent of women had detectable concentrations of aflatoxin B1\u2010lysine (AFB1\u2010lysine), with a median level of 1.4\u2010pg\/mg albumin, indicating a much lower level compared to studies of rural populations in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. Our results do not show a statistically significant relationship between AFB1\u2010lysine levels and birth weight, small for gestational age, or prematurity. We observe a small statistically significant reduction in gestational age at delivery (0.47 weeks; 95% CI: \u22120.86, \u22120.07) as the natural log of AFB1\u2010lysine levels increases by 1 unit of pg\/mg of albumin, after controlling for potential confounders. Among a nonrandom set of infants who had measurements for placental weight, haemoglobin at delivery, and follow\u2010up z\u2010score measurements, we find no association between aflatoxin plasma concentrations and these variables. These findings suggest a high prevalence of chronic low\u2010level exposure to aflatoxin, though its effect on birth outcomes in this population remains unclear. Our research adds to a growing body of literature finding mixed associations between aflatoxins on pregnancy outcomes and child growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T09:04:25Z","timestamp":1576055065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Aflatoxin exposure <i>in utero<\/i> and birth and growth outcomes in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1044-3393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Passarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6552-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabri","family":"Bromage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Science University of Georgia  Athens Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Aboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Mugusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey K.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaie","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. 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