{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:40:28Z","timestamp":1753879228340,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No external funding was received"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No external funding was received"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous research has demonstrated a virtual absence of vitamin A deficiency and adequacy of vitamin A intake through consumption of liver in preschool children of a community in the Northern Cape province of South Africa where sheep farming is common, and liver, an exceptionally rich source of vitamin A, is frequently eaten. Only 60\u201375 g of liver per month is needed to meet the vitamin A requirement of preschool children. Because this may have implications for routine vitamin A supplementation, and because liver consumption for the rest of the province is unknown, the study aim was to establish the prevalence and frequency of liver intake in a provincial\u2010wide survey. An unquantified liver\u2010specific food frequency questionnaire, covering a period of 1 month, complemented by a 1\u2010year recall, was administered to mothers of 2\u2010 to 5\u2010year\u2010old children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 2,864) attending primary health care facilities in all five districts and 26 subdistricts. A total of 86% of children were reported to eat liver, which was eaten in all districts by at least 80% of children. The overall median frequency of liver intake was 1.0 [25th, 75th percentiles: 0.5, 3.0] times per month and ranged from 1.0 [0.3, 2.0] to 2.0 [1.0, 4.0] for the various districts. Based on a previously reported portion size of 66 g, these results suggest vitamin A dietary adequacy in all districts and possibly also vitamin A intake exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level in some children. Routine vitamin A supplementation in this province may not be necessary and should be reconsidered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T08:31:01Z","timestamp":1576571461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Liver is widely eaten by preschool children in the Northern Cape province of South Africa: Implications for routine vitamin A supplementation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha E.","family":"van Stuijvenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Nutritional Intervention Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serina E.","family":"Schoeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Intervention Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Nutrition Programme Northern Cape Department of Health Kimberley South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maretha","family":"le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Nutrition Programme Northern Cape Department of Health Kimberley South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1448-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Dhansay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Intervention Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Burden of Disease Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in the control of young child morbidity and mortality in developing countries. 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