{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T09:48:13Z","timestamp":1780652893475,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201806010405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806010405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81302442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81302442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Economic growth has brought improvements in many areas of child health, but its effects on anaemia among school\u2010aged children remain unknown. However, this is important because iron deficiency anaemia is common and is the main cause of disability\u2010adjusted life years for school\u2010aged children. In this study, we included 429,222 Chinese children aged 7\u201317 years from five consecutive national cross\u2010sectional surveys during 1995\u20132014. Using altitude\u2010adjusted haemoglobin concentration measured from capillary blood samples, we defined anaemia status according to World Health Organization's recommendation. We used logistic regressions weighted by provincial population to examine the association between provincial gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and anaemia, adjusting for sex, age, urban\u2013rural location, regional socio\u2010economic status (SES), fixed effect of province, and clustering of schools. We used generalised additive mixed models to evaluate a potentially non\u2010linear relationship. For each 100% growth in GDP per capita, there was a 40% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.56, 0.65]) reduction in anaemia. However, the association was weaker for girls and in cities with a lower SES. The association was weaker across 2005\u20132014 (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.62, 0.90]) compared with 1995\u20132005 (OR = 0.52; 95% CI [0.44, 0.61]), reflecting a weaker association when GDP per capita reaches around $2,000. The results were similar for moderate\u2010to\u2010severe anaemia. We concluded that economic growth has been associated with reductions in anaemia among school\u2010aged children in China but with fewer benefits for girls and those in poorer settings. Further economic development in China is unlikely to bring similar reductions in anaemia, suggesting that additional population level and targeted interventions will be needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T12:19:46Z","timestamp":1578917986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The associations of economic growth and anaemia for school\u2010aged children in China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1906-8614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongbin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3529-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peijin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6990-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, School of Medicine The University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hein","family":"Raat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Adolescent Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650903000308"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Generalized additive models: An introduction with R","volume":"49","author":"Anderson\u2010Cook C. 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