{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:13:15Z","timestamp":1765609995521,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used cross\u2010sectional data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey to evaluate factors associated with anaemia among a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women 15\u2013 49 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1, 918). Haemoglobin, biomarkers of iron status and other micronutrients, infection, inflammation, and blood disorders were assessed from venous blood. Soil\u2010transmitted helminth and <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infections were assessed from stool. Sociodemographic, household, and health characteristics and diet were ascertained by interview. We conducted bivariate analyses between candidate predictors and anaemia (haemoglobin &lt;12.0 g\/ dL, altitude\u2010 and smoking\u2010adjusted). Candidate predictors that were significant in bivariate models (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) were included in the multivariable logistic regression model, accounting for complex sampling design. Anaemia prevalence was 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] [17.6, 22.8]). Associated with reduced anaemia odds were living in the Mountain and Hill ecological zones relative to the Terai (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.35, 95% CI [0.21, 0.60] and AOR 0.41, 95% CI [0.29, 0.59], respectively), recent cough (AOR 0.56, 95% CI [0.38, 0.82]), hormonal contraceptive use (AOR 0.58; 95% CI [0.38, 0.88]), ln ferritin (micrograms per litre; AOR 0.43, 95% CI [0.35, 0.54]), and ln retinol binding protein (micrograms per litre; AOR 0.20, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]). Residing in a house with an earth floor (AOR 1.74, 95% CI [1.18, 2.56]), glucose\u20106\u2010 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (AOR 2.44, 95% CI [1.66, 3.60]), and haemoglobinopathies (AOR 6.15, 95% CI [3.09, 12.26]) were associated with increased anaemia odds. Interventions that improve micronutrient status, ensure access to hormonal birth control, and replace dirt floors to reduce infection risk might help reduce anaemia in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T07:24:11Z","timestamp":1583825051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors associated with anaemia in a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women of reproductive age in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6463-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole D.","family":"Ford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McKing Consulting Corporation  Chamblee Georgia USA"},{"name":"Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram Padarth","family":"Bichha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Ministry of Health and Population  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kedar Raj","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Ministry of Health and Population  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Paudyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section United Nations Children's Fund  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nira","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New ERA  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Ralph D.","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Chitekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section United Nations Children's Fund  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuguo","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Flores\u2010Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debendra P.","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Agency for International Development  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Rijal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section United Nations Children's Fund  Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Jefferds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62304-5"},{"volume-title":"Household hunger scale: Indicator definition and measurement guide","year":"2011","author":"Ballard T. 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