{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:24:25Z","timestamp":1790681065686,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54GM104940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM104940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK100790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK100790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity. A multinational cross\u2010sectional study of 4,740 children aged 9\u201311 years was conducted from 12 countries. Infant breastfeeding was recalled by parents or legal guardians. Height, weight, waist circumference, and body fat were obtained using standardized methods. The overall prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and high body fat were 12.3%, 9.9%, and 8.1%, respectively. After adjustment for maternal age at delivery, body mass index (BMI), highest maternal education, history of gestational diabetes, gestational age, and child's age, sex, birth weight, unhealthy diet pattern scores, moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous physical activity, sleeping, and sedentary time, exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval, CI [0.57, 1.00]) and high body fat (OR 0.60, 95% CI [0.43, 0.84]) compared with exclusive formula feeding. The multivariable\u2010adjusted ORs based on different breastfeeding durations (none, 1\u20136, 6\u201312, and &gt; 12 months) were 1.00, 0.74, 0.70, and 0.60 for obesity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> = .020) and 1.00, 0.64, 047, and 0.64 for high body fat (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> = .012), respectively. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for maternal BMI. Breastfeeding may be a protective factor for obesity and high body fat in 9\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010old children from 12 countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T06:07:12Z","timestamp":1583474832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Breastfeeding and childhood obesity: A 12\u2010country study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijuan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Katzmarzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center  Baton Rouge Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Philippe","family":"Chaput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Fogelholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition University of Helsinki  Helsinki 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Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Matsudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Studies from the Physical Fitness Research Laboratory  de S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul, Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Olds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences University of South Australia  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Onywera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science Kenyatta University  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga L.","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Universidad de los Andes  Bogota 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