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In this study, we examined the changes in prevalence by possible factors from 2006 to 2016 along with the factors associated with anaemia among women of reproductive age (15\u201349 years) using the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data from years 2006, 2011 and 2016. We used rate of change analysis to explore average annual rate of change (AARC) in anaemia prevalence and concentration curves and indices to assess unequal distribution of anaemia prevalence among socio\u2010economic quintiles. Multilevel regression was performed to examine the association of multilevel factors with anaemia. Our results showed higher AARC increase in anaemia prevalence from 2006 to 2016, among women aged 30\u201339 years, with secondary or higher education, who had two or fewer children, not working women, from higher wealth quintiles and who were overweight or obese. Shifting of concentration curve from \u2018above the line of equality\u2019 in 2006 and 2011 to \u2018under the line of equality\u2019 in 2016 was observed. Women aged 20\u201329 years, with more than four children, who underwent female sterilization, had experienced violence and from Provinces 1, 2 and 5 were at higher risk of anaemia. Overweight and obese women using hormonal contraception and from lowest wealth quintiles were at lower risk. The change in trends and the associated multilevel factors identified should be considered in designing multilevel interventions that particularly target women at risk for sustainable anaemia reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T07:01:38Z","timestamp":1594018898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Trends and determinants of anaemia in women of Nepal: a multilevel analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-3424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjana","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4550-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Nuruzzaman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health The University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Population Sciences Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subash","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62304-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012002233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.10.2678"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia amongst adolescents in Nepal: A community based study in rural and urban areas of Morang District","volume":"11","author":"Baral K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nepal Medical College Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Caste, ethnic and regional identity in Nepal: Further analysis of the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey","author":"Bennett L.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7292(00)00206-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2001.d01-5.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.604S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17023-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coates J. 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