{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:30:01Z","timestamp":1753878601718,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006801","name":"Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014123","name":"Office of Global Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Livestock ownership may mitigate anaemia among young children by providing access to animal\u2010source foods (ASFs) yet exacerbate anaemia by exposing children to animal\u2010source pathogens. This study aimed to assess the association between household livestock ownership and child anaemia and examine whether this relationship is mediated by child ASF consumption or by child morbidity and inflammation. We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study of 470 children aged 6\u201359\u2009months in Greater Accra, Ghana. Child blood samples were analysed for haemoglobin concentration, iron status biomarkers and inflammatory biomarkers. Caregivers were asked about the child's frequency of ASF consumption in the past 3\u2009months. Livestock ownership was categorized into five typologies to distinguish households by the number and combinations of species owned. In adjusted logistic regression, children from households in Type 5, owning cattle, small livestock (goats, sheep or pigs) and poultry, had lower odds of anaemia compared with those in Type 1, owning no livestock (OR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.14, 0.71]). Although children from households that owned poultry were more likely to consume chicken meat, and children from households with cattle were more likely to drink cow's milk, consumption of these ASFs did not mediate the observed association between livestock ownership and child anaemia. There were no associations between livestock ownership and children's symptoms of illness or inflammation. Further research is needed to understand how ownership of certain livestock species, or a greater diversity of livestock species, may be associated with the risk of child anaemia, including the role of dietary and income\u2010based pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T10:54:42Z","timestamp":1614596082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Associations between livestock ownership and lower odds of anaemia among children 6\u201359\u2009months old are not mediated by animal\u2010source food consumption in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4253-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie J.","family":"Lambrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Baylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Folson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Naabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph N. 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