{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:34:05Z","timestamp":1787582045260,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Child undernutrition disproportionally affects children in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. In Ethiopia, both wasting and stunting are serious public health concerns, with high human and economic costs. Understanding the dynamics in ponderal and linear growth faltering is critical to inform the design of innovative interventions that can prevent both wasting and stunting in poor and complex settings. Using two longitudinal studies conducted in 2017 and 2019 in four highland regions of Ethiopia, we evaluated the dynamics and drivers of child growth faltering in children 6\u201323\u2009months of age (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095003). Child wasting prevalence peaked during the first 6\u2009months of life, whereas stunting increased significantly after 6\u2009months of age. Male sex, child illnesses (i.e., diarrhoea or fever) and low consumption of fruits and vegetables were associated with higher odds of acute undernutrition (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The consumption of animal source foods (ASF) was associated with increases (\u03b2: 95% CI) in weight\u2010for\u2010length <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score (WLZ; 0.12: 0.0002; 0.242), whereas fruit or vegetables consumption was associated with increases in midupper arm circumference (MUAC; 0.11\u2009cm: 0.003; 0.209). Only consumption of ASF was the statistically significant predictor of future linear growth (0.14: 0.029; 0.251). Distinct trends in WLZ and MUAC were observed by child sex and age. Improving diet quality through improved nutrition knowledge and increased access and affordability of ASFs, along with effective infection prevention\/control measures could prevent both child wasting and stunting concurrently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T11:24:08Z","timestamp":1631705048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Child growth faltering dynamics in food insecure districts in rural Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2057-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalle","family":"Hirvonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Development Strategy and Governance Division International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0017-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulazize","family":"Wolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development Strategy and Governance Division International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Economics Department State University of New York at Albany  Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2315-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Laillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition section UNICEF Ethiopia  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Policy Section UNICEF  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0915-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Chitekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition section UNICEF Ethiopia  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-1096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaleab","family":"Baye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Science and Nutrition. College of Natural Sciences Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Research center for Inclusive Development in Africa (RIDA)  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116651209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2020.1867569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oep\/gpl008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baye K. &Hirvonen K. (2020a).Accelerating progress in improving diets and nutrition in Ethiopia. IFPRI\u2010ESSP working paper 144. Washington D.C.: Ethiopian Strategy Support Program (ESSP) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).","DOI":"10.2499\/p15738coll2.133759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30343-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2499\/p15738coll2.133685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"The Implementation of the Productive Safety Nets Programme, 2014: Highlands Outcomes Report (2015)","author":"Berhane G.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Berhane G. Hoddinott J. Kumar N. &Margolies A. (2015).The impact of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme on the nutritional status of children: 2008\u20132012. IFPRI\u2010ESSP working paper 99. Washington D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.15.4.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Population and Housing Census Report\u2010Country \u2010 2007","author":"Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia]","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016","author":"CSA","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association between admission criteria and body composition among young children with moderate acute malnutrition, a cross\u2010sectional study from Burkina Faso","volume":"10","author":"Fabiansen C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Substandard discharge rules in current severe acute malnutrition management protocols: An overlooked source of ineffectiveness for programmes?","volume":"60","author":"Guesdon B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Field Exchange Issue"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajae\/aay053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30447-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2499\/p15738coll2.134034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2018.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhaa002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"USAID Technical Brief Paper","author":"Khara T.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.15.4.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","article-title":"Child wasting and concurrent stunting in low\u2010and middle\u2010income countries","author":"Mertens A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01786-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Selective Feeding: The Management of Malnutrition in Emergencies","author":"UNHCR","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","volume-title":"The State of the World's Children 1998","author":"UNICEF","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","unstructured":"UNICEF WHO &World Bank. 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