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However, factors underlying this relationship are not well understood, particularly in the postnatal time period. In a South African cohort, we investigated (1) associations between IPV in pregnancy and growth at birth as well as postnatal IPV and child growth at 12\u2009months and (2) whether maternal depression, tobacco or alcohol use or infant hospitalizations mediated IPV\u2010growth relationships. Mothers were enrolled in pregnancy. Maternal IPV was measured during pregnancy and 10\u00a0weeks postpartum; depression, alcohol and tobacco use were measured during pregnancy and at 6\u00a0months postpartum. Child weight and length were measured at birth and 12\u2009months and converted to z\u2010scores for analysis. Linear regression and structural equation models investigated interrelationships between IPV and potential mediators of IPV\u2010growth relationships. At birth, among 1,111 mother\u2013infant pairs, maternal emotional and physical IPV were associated with reduced weight\u2010for\u2010age <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores (WFAZ). Only physical IPV was associated with length\u2010for\u2010age <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores (LFAZ) at birth. Antenatal maternal alcohol and tobacco use mediated IPV\u2010growth relationships at birth. Postnatally, among 783 mother\u2013infant pairs, emotional and physical IPV were associated with reduced WFAZ at 12\u2009months. Only emotional IPV was associated with LFAZ at 12\u2009months. Maternal tobacco use was a mediator postnatally. Findings highlight the role of physical and emotional IPV as risk factors for compromised fetal and infant growth. Findings underscore the importance of programmes to address interrelated risk factors for compromised infant growth, specifically IPV and substance use, which are prevalent in high\u2010risk settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T05:39:09Z","timestamp":1636004349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intimate partner violence and growth outcomes through infancy: A longitudinal investigation of multiple mediators in a South African birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5082-7864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney","family":"Barnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and SA\u2010Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Nhapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and SA\u2010Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and SA\u2010Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Halligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bath  Bath UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Pellowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health Brown University  Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten A.","family":"Donald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60103-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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