{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:30:44Z","timestamp":1790962244574,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    South Africa has a documented high prevalence of stunting and increasing obesity in children as well as obesity in adults. The double burden of malnutrition, which can be on an individual\u2010, household\u2010 or population level, has implications for both health and the economic development of a community and country. This paper describes a large\u2010scale survey (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009774) of infant feeding, growth monitoring\u00a0and anthropometry among mother and child pairs aged 6 months of age in KwaZulu\u2010Natal (KZN), South Africa, conducted between January and August 2017. Among children, a large increase in the prevalence of stunting and obesity was seen between birth and 6 months of age increasing from 9.3% to 21.7% and 4.0% to 21.0%, respectively. 32.1% of the mothers were overweight [body mass index (BMI): 25.0\u201329.9] and 28.4% had obesity grade 1 (BMI: 30\u2013&lt;40). Although most mothers (93%; 563\/605) initiated breastfeeding, the introduction of other foods started early with 17.6% (56\/319) of the mothers having started giving other fluids or food to their child within the first month. At 6 months 70.6% (427\/605) children were still breastfed and 23.5% were exclusively breastfed. In addition, we found that length measurements were done less frequently than weight measurements between birth and 6 months, on average 2.2 (SD: 1.3) versus 5.8 (SD: 1.5) times. Moreover, there is a need for improvement of health worker training and understanding regarding anthropometric measurements when assessing malnutrition in children in the clinics. Early detection and improved infant feeding practices are key in preventing both stunting and obesity in children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T11:20:06Z","timestamp":1638271206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Infant feeding, growth monitoring and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6 months and their mothers in KwaZulu\u2010Natal, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Siri","family":"Kaldenbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Innlandet Hospital Trust Lillehammer Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingunn M. S.","family":"Engebretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Haskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Public Health, Centre for Rural Health University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Conolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Public Health, Centre for Rural Health University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Horwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Public Health, Centre for Rural Health University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"418","article-title":"Infant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalization in the first half of infancy: Multicentre cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Bahl R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)60937-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08567-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5657-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1805-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8061817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"National Department of Health (NDoH) Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) & ICF. (2019).South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)\u20142019 (Updated)","author":"National Department of Health South Africa","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)32497-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-015-0041-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES\u20101)","author":"Shisana O.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(04)16210-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"SMART METHODOLOGY. (2020).ENA software for SMART. Retrieved 1 June 2021 fromhttps:\/\/smartmethodology.org\/survey-planning-tools\/smart-emergency-nutrition-assessment\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 16","author":"StataCorp","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Stats SA. (2019).Statistical release P0302: Mid\u2010year population estimates 2019.https:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publications\/P0302\/P03022019.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02810402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2006854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)32472-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2008).Training Course on Child Growth Assessment."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020).Malnutrition fact sheet. Retrieved 19 February 2021 fromhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malnutrition"}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.13288","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mcn.13288","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.13288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T23:38:08Z","timestamp":1693179488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.13288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.13288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.13288","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13288"}}