{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:01:40Z","timestamp":1788577300798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iron, vitamin A and zinc deficiencies are the top three micronutrients contributing to disability\u2010adjusted life years globally. The study assessed the factors associated with iron, vitamin A, and Zinc deficiencies among Nepalese children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091709) aged 6\u201359 months using data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey. The following cut\u2010off points were applied: iron deficiency [ferritin &lt;\u200912\u2009\u03bcg\/L or soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) &gt;\u20098.3\u2009mg\/L], vitamin A deficiency (retinol\u2010binding protein &lt;\u20090.69\u2009\u03bcmol\/L) and zinc deficiency (serum zinc &lt;\u200965\u2009\u03bcg\/dl for morning sample and &lt;57\u2009\u03bcg\/dl for afternoon sample). We used multiple logistic regression adjusted for sampling weights and clustering to examine the predictors of micronutrient deficiencies. The prevalence of iron depletion (ferritin), tissue iron (sTfR), vitamin A and zinc deficiencies were 36.7%, 27.6%, 8.5% and 20.4%, respectively. Children were more likely to be iron deficient (ferritin) if aged 6\u201323 months, stunted, and in a middle\u2010wealth quintile household. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with development region and was higher among children living in severe food\u2010insecure households and those who did not consume fruits. Zinc deficiency was higher among children in rural areas and the poorest wealth quintile. The Government of Nepal should focus on addressing micronutrient deficiencies in the early years, with emphasis on improving food systems, promote healthy diets, among younger and stunted children and provide social cash transfer targeting high\u2010risk development regions, poorest and food insecure households.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T09:47:53Z","timestamp":1639388873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Individual, household and national factors associated with iron, vitamin A and zinc deficiencies among children aged 6\u201359 months in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0915-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Chitekwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedar Raj","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Paudyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karan Courtney","family":"Haag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Section United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Renzaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences and Psychology Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abukari","family":"Issaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4111-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kingsley","family":"Agho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0406-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016003608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Beard J.(2007). Indicators of the iron status of populations: sTfR. In WHO (Ed.) Assessing the iron status of populations: Including literature reviews: Report of a Joint World Health Organization\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Technical Consultation on the Assessment of Iron Status at the Population Level Geneva Switzerland 6\u20138 April 2004 (2nd ed).https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/75368"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) technical document #1. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control","volume":"25","author":"Brown K. 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