{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:11:38Z","timestamp":1783577498759,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1159195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1159195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Evidence suggests that multiple micronutrient and balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation during pregnancy can decrease the risk of stillbirth and small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age births and increase birth weight. We conducted a mixed\u2010methods formative research study to identify the most acceptable among a range of 11 candidates fortified BEP supplements for use in pregnancy and lactation in a rural district in Nepal. Forty pregnant women aged 15\u201340 years participated in a test meal tasting of 11 different sweet and savoury candidate BEP supplements. Each participant rated the products on organoleptic properties using a 7\u2010point hedonic scale (1\u2009=\u2009Dislike it very much to 7\u2009=\u2009Like it very much), ranked her \u2018top 3\u2019 most liked supplements, and subsequently discussed each product with peers in focus group discussions (FGDs). Five supplements (sweet lipid\u2010based nutrient supplement (LNS), savoury LNS, sweet vanilla biscuits, vanilla instant drinks\u00a0and seasoned pillows) achieved the maximum overall median hedonic score of 7, with sweet LNS and seasoned pillows ranking as the top 2. This was consistent with the assessments in FGDs. Women in the FGDs expressed dislike of the smell and taste of the cocoa drink, savoury masala bar, sweet mango bar and savoury curry biscuit, which was consistent with the hedonic scale scores. This study provides valuable insights into our understanding of women's acceptance of different BEP supplements during pregnancy in rural Nepal and has helped identify the two most accepted BEP supplements to be used in a two\u2010month home trial to assess utilisation and compliance in this setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T16:50:10Z","timestamp":1646844610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Acceptability of 11 fortified balanced energy\u2010protein supplements for pregnant women in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsering P.","family":"Lama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subarna K.","family":"Khatry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project \u2013 Sarlahi (NNIPS) Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Isanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Nutrition and Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthrologica Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5107-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthrologica Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthrologica Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saskia","family":"de Pee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"LeClerq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project \u2013 Sarlahi (NNIPS) Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Tielsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2010.00286.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-016-0096-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. (2017).Framework and specifications for the nutritional composition of a food supplement for pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in undernourished and low\u2010income settings.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21955\/gatesopenres.1116379.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30565-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6663(92)90164-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670240600846336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher R. J.(1993).Social desirability bias and the validity of indirect questioning. The Social Desirability of Consumer Needs and Wants View project.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2489277","DOI":"10.1086\/209351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2011.600510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/appe.1996.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.56.2.c7x0532q2u86m207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Harding K. L. Matias S. L. Moniruzzaman M. Stewart C. P. Mridha M. K. Vosti S. A. &Dewey K. G.(2014).Rang\u2010Din nutrition study: assessment of participant adherence to lipid based nutrient and iron\u2010folic acid supplements among pregnant and lactating women in the context of a study on the effectiveness of supplements in Bangladesh.https:\/\/www.fantaproject.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/Bangladesh-Adherence-LNS_Sept2014.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-019-0298-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.5.1106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1039-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Kumar K.(1987).Conducting group interviews in developing countries (AID Program Design and Evaluation Methodology Report No. 8)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/MCN.13306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawless H. T. &Heymann H.(2010).Sensory evaluation of food.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-6488-5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6488-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70006-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012004417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007000237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"Mridha M. K. Chaparro C. M. Matias S. L. Hussain S. Munira S. Saha S. &Dewey K. G.(2012).Acceptability of lipid\u2010based nutrient supplements and micronutrient powders among pregnant and lactating women and infants and young children in Bangladesh and their perceptions about malnutrition and nutrient supplements.https:\/\/www.fantaproject.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/Bangladesh_LNS_Acceptability_Feb2012_0_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000032.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FOODQUAL.2014.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015001822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"United Nations. (2015).Take action for the sustainable development goals \u2013 United Nations Sustainable Development. Retrieved April 5 2020 fromhttps:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/sustainable-development-goals\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","unstructured":"WHO. (2016).WHO WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Retrieved January 28 2020 fromhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/maternal_perinatal_health\/anc-positive-pregnancy-experience\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.113498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10461-014-0947-0"}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.13336","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mcn.13336","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.13336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T08:19:03Z","timestamp":1692865143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.13336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.13336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.13336","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13336"}}