{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:58:12Z","timestamp":1784872692794,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complementary feeding period is a critical stage of child development when micronutrient needs are high and challenging to meet. Understanding if specific micronutrient gaps exist during this period is critical for effective programming. A Comprehensive Nutrient Gap Assessment (CONGA) was conducted in seven countries in Southeast Asia to estimate gaps in micronutrients commonly lacking in the diets of children aged 6\u201323 months and to establish the certainty of available evidence for each identified gap. Sixty\u2010eight evidence sources were identified during this analysis, and 310 micronutrient\u2010specific data points were identified across all seven countries. Data points varied in recency, representativeness and evidence type. The CONGA methodology enabled the estimation of a gap burden rating for each micronutrient in each country, as well as a rating of their evidence certainty. Micronutrient gaps were identified in vitamin D, zinc and iron and a potential gap was identified in calcium during the complementary feeding period in the region. Evidence relevant to intake and deficiency of folate, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, thiamine, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> was limited across the region. Proven strategies to address these gaps include increasing the availability and consumption of nutrient\u2010dense foods, micronutrient supplementation, large\u2010scale fortification of staple foods and condiments and point\u2010of\u2010use fortification through multiple micronutrient powders and fortified speciality foods. More recent data on micronutrient availability, intake and deficiency is urgently needed in Southeast Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T05:41:43Z","timestamp":1702532503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Micronutrient gaps during the complementary feeding period in seven countries in Southeast Asia: A Comprehensive Nutrient Gap Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2375-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica M.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasundhara","family":"Bijalwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Food Programme Asia and the Pacific Regional Office  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusara","family":"Singhkumarwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Food Programme Asia and the Pacific Regional Office  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Betigeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Food Programme Asia and the Pacific Regional Office  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Blankenship","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICEF East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"ASEAN food and nutrition security report 2021","author":"ASEAN, UNICEF, & WFP","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in breastfed infants & the need for routine vitamin D supplementation","volume":"133","author":"Balasubramanian S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13603","article-title":"Measuring up: Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of commercially produced dry or instant cereals across seven Southeast Asian countries","volume":"19","author":"Bassetti E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.2.464S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3955(05)70287-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"FAO IFAD UNICEF WFP & WHO. (2020).The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. FAO."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Government of Pakistan United Nations Children's Fund. (2019).Pakistan National Nutrition Survey 2018 key findings report."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.182527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265070284S409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India UNICEF & Population Council. (2019).Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) national report."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Public Health United Nations Children's Fund. (2013).National Nutrition Survey Afghanistan."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30457-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-323765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.785227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116655239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"PAHO & WHO. (2003).Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child.PAHO & WHO."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-999-0021-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00367-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265030244S206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"UNICEF. (2020).Improving young children's diets during the complementary feeding period UNICEF programming guidance."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"United Nations Children's Fund Division of Data Analysis Planning and Monitoring. (2022).Global UNICEF global databases: Infant and young child feeding: Egg and\/or flesh food consumption minimum dietary diversity minimum meal frequency minimum acceptable diet."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"UNICEF WHO & The World Bank. (2021).Levels and trends in child malnutrition: Key findings of the 2021 edition of the joint child malnutrition estimates."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"WHO. (2016).WHO guideline: Use of multiple micronutrient powders for point\u2010of\u2010use fortification of foods consumed by infants and young children aged 6\u201323 months and children aged 2\u201312 years.World Health Organization."}],"container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mcn.13577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:56:40Z","timestamp":1703811400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mcn.13577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mcn.13577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.13577","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-8695","1740-8709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-8695","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-8709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13577"}}