{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T17:49:54Z","timestamp":1779126594256,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004954","name":"Augustinus Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many children in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries are not attaining their developmental potential. Stunting is associated with poor child development, but it is not known which correlates of stunting are impairing child development. We explored potential socioeconomic, nutritional, clinical, and household correlates of early child development among 12\u201359\u2010month\u2010old children with stunting in a cross\u2010sectional study in Uganda. Development was assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT) across four domains of gross and fine motor, language, and social skills. Linear regression analysis was used to assess correlates of development in the four domains and total MDAT score. Of 750 children included, the median [interquartile range] age was 30 [23\u221241] months, 55% of the children resided in rural settings with 21% from female\u2010headed households and 47% of mothers had no schooling. The mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation height\u2010for\u2010age z\u2010score (HAZ) was \u22123.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.74, 40% of the children had a positive malaria test and 65% were anaemic (haemoglobin\u2009&lt;\u2009110\u2009g\/L). One\u2010third had children's books at home, majority (96%) used household objects to play with and most of them (70%) used toys as pretence items like those to mimic cooking. After age, sex, and site adjustments, HAZ (0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14\u22120.33) and head circumference (0.07, 95%\u00a0CI: 0.02\u22120.12) were positive correlates of total MDAT score, whereas weight\u2010for\u2010height z\u2010score (WHZ) was not. Current breastfeeding was associated with 0.41 (95%\u00a0CI: 0.17\u22120.65) lower total MDAT score. Children from households with a single income earner had 0.22 (95%\u00a0CI: 0.06\u22120.37) lower total MDAT score. Furthermore, severe food insecurity, inflammation and positive malaria test were associated with lower scores for motor development. All family care indicator subscales (FCIs) positively correlated with the total MDAT score and this association was independent of household's socioeconomic status. In conclusion, stunting degree, head circumference, number of household income earners and stimulation by improved FCIs correlate with early child development among stunted children. The negative association with prolonged breastfeeding is likely due to reverse causality. Identified correlates may inform initiatives to support children with stunting attain their development potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T06:53:21Z","timestamp":1706684001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Correlates of early child development among children with stunting: A cross\u2010sectional study in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7602-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Mbabazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise &amp; Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Pesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise &amp; Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1311-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolland","family":"Mutumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise &amp; Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieran","family":"Bromley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Keele University Keele UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute of Public Health Southern University of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1119-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Filteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Briend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise &amp; Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research University of Tampere Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Mupere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Makerere University Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikte","family":"Grenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise &amp; Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Friis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise &amp; Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mette F.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Exercise &amp; Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Medical Association. 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