{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:09:20Z","timestamp":1789416560993,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1046219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1046219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1144595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1144595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reducing free sugars intake is important for the prevention of dental caries and obesity in children. The study aimed to determine the amount and sources of free sugars known to contribute to dental caries, and identify sociodemographic determinants of intake by children aged 5 years in Australia. Cross\u2010sectional analysis of dietary data from a cohort study, collected using a customized food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate free sugars intake as grams\/day and percentage contribution to Estimated Energy Requirement (EER).\u00a0The percent contribution of food sources to free sugars intake was derived. Sociodemographic determinants of achieving intakes within WHO thresholds (i.e., &lt;5% and &lt;10% Energy were explored with multinomial logistic regression. Complete data were available for 641 children (347 boys, 294 girls). Median (IQR)\u00a0free sugars intake (g\/day) was 31.6 (21.3\u201347.6) in boys and 28.1 (19.6\u201347.9) in girls. The median (IQR)\u00a0percentage contribution to EER was 7.9 (5.4\u201312.7); 21% and 42% of children had intakes &lt;5% EER and between 5% and\u00a0&lt;10%, respectively. The main sources of free sugars were: (1) Cakes, Biscuits and Cereal Bars; (2) Sweetened Milk Products (predominantly yoghurts) and (3) Desserts. Maternal university education, single\u2010parent household, and maternal place of birth being Australia or New Zealand were associated with free sugars intake &lt;5% EER. In conclusion, less than a quarter of 5\u2010year\u2010old children in the SMILE cohort achieved the WHO recommendations to limit free sugars to &lt;5% EER. Strategies to lower free sugars intake could target priority populations such migrants, populations with lower levels of education or health literacy and identify areas for intervention in the wider food environments that children are exposed to.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T10:39:29Z","timestamp":1716892769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sources and determinants of free sugars intake by 5\u2010year\u2010old Australian children in the SMILE cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9739-7064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anupama","family":"Ivaturi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Dental School Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loc Giang","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Queensland Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4211-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Devenish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane A.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5440-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diep H.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Queensland Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5197-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Golley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7251-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy K.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula J.","family":"Moynihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Dental School Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. 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