{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:29:16Z","timestamp":1791556156952,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005627","name":"Thrasher Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HD058322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HD058322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD078439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD078439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately half of pregnant women in India are anemic, representing over 7.5 million women. Few studies have assessed the relationship between multiple micronutrient deficiencies and anemia during pregnancy or the trajectory of hemoglobin (Hb) during pregnancy in low\u2010resource settings. We enrolled 200 pregnant women from the Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) registry, a population\u2010based pregnancy and birth registry in Eastern Maharashtra, India to address these gaps. The women provided capillary (finger\u2010prick) and venous blood specimens at enrollment (&lt;15 weeks), and a second capillary specimen in the 3rd trimester (&gt;27 weeks). Capillary specimens were analyzed at the time of collection with a HemoCue Hb 201+; venous specimens were shipped on dry ice to a laboratory for cyanmethemoglobin assessment. In the 1st trimester, mean Hb concentration and anemia (Hb&lt;11.0\u2009g\/dL) prevalence using capillary specimens were 10.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009g\/dL and 51.1%; mean Hb concentration using venous blood specimens was estimated to be 11.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009g\/dL and anemia prevalence was 37.5%. The prevalence of iron, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and folate deficiencies were 40%, 30% and 0%, respectively. Among women with anemia in the 1st trimester (venous blood), 56% had concurrent iron deficiency (inflammation\u2010adjusted serum ferritin &lt;15\u2009\u00b5g\/L) indicating that their anemia may be amenable to iron supplementation. In total, 21% of women had ID and anemia, 19% ID in the absence of anemia, 16.5% anemia in the absence of ID and 43.5% had neither. By the 3rd trimester, mean Hb from capillary specimens had declined to 10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.35\u2009g\/dL and anemia prevalence increased to 70.7%, despite 99.4% mothers reporting receipt of iron\u2010folic acid (IFA) supplements during her current pregnancy, and 83.9% reporting IFA consumption the previous day. Significant predictors of anemia in the 1st trimester (both venous and capillary) included the number of weeks gestation at the time of Hb assessment and inflammation\u2010adjusted serum ferritin. For 3rd trimester anemia, significant predictors included 1st trimester height, BMI and IFA consumption during the 3rd trimester (but not 1st trimester micronutrient biomarkers), indicating that IFA supplementation over the course of pregnancy may have influenced micronutrient status and anemia risk. Our findings highlight the severity of the burden of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in Eastern Maharashtra, but also highlight that in many cases, ID and anemia affect different individuals. Preventing and managing anemia in pregnancy in India will require strengthening both clinical and community\u2010based strategies targeting iron deficiency, as well as other causes of anemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T05:40:43Z","timestamp":1719639643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and its correlates vary by trimester and hemoglobin assessment method in Eastern Maharashtra, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0019-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey M.","family":"Locks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Bhaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lata Medical Research Foundation Nagpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Dhurde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lata Medical Research Foundation Nagpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Gugel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miloni","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aboli","family":"Goghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Hibberd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lata Medical Research Foundation Nagpur India"},{"name":"Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"deBenoist B.(2008).Conclusions of a WHO Technical Consultation on folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies.Food and Nutrition Bulletin(Vol.29).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15648265080292s129","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Best Practices for Haemoglobin Measurement in Population\u2010Level Anaemia Surveys: Technical Brief;2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Biomarker Manual: Demographic and Health Survey.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1861"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey. 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